Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the “rules” of a language; but in fact no language has rules. If we use the word “rules”, we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game. But languages did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved (逐漸發(fā)展成) into words, phrases and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time. What we call “grammar” is simply a reflection (反映) of a language at a particular time.

Do we need to study grammar to learn a language? The short answer is “no”. Very many people in the world speak their own, native language without having studied its grammar. Children start to speak before they even know the word“grammar”. But if you are serious about learning a foreign language, the long answer is “yes, grammar can help you to learn a language more quickly and more efficiently.” It’s important to think of grammar as something that can help you, like a friend. When you understand the grammar (or system) of a language, you can understand many things yourself, without having to ask a teacher or look in a book.

So think of grammar as something good, something positive, something that you can use to find your way---like a signpost(路標(biāo)) or a map.

Except invented languages like Esperanto（世界語(yǔ)）. And if Esperanto were widely spoken, its rules would soon be very different.

1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Grammar is the system of a language.

B. Someone created the grammar first and then people learn the language according to it.

C. Language’s developing and forming is a long-term process (過程).

D. There is no language staying the same all the time.

2.What is the author’s attitude towards grammar learning?

A. He is against grammar learning.

B. He is in favor of grammar learning.

C. His attitude is objective(客觀的).

D. His attitude is unknown to us.

3.Which of the following is CORRECT according to the last paragraph?

A． Esperanto is widely spoken.

B． Esperanto is different from other languages because its rules are fixed.

C． Esperanto is different from other languages because its rules came out before this language.

D． Esperanto is very easy to learn.

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