Happiness and sadness are states of being states of being that define the way we view the world. It is often said that some people by nature have a sunny character. Now scientists may have discovered why.
Some people may be hard-wired for happiness, while others are genetically negative, as
scientists have suggested in a study published in late February, in a British journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Earlier research had already established that the gene known as 5-HTTLPR plays a key role in
determining how the neurotransmitter (神經(jīng)傳遞素) serotonin (血清素) works within the brain. Serotonin, a hormone (荷爾蒙), passes chemical messages between nerve cells. It has been closely linked to mood. Several anti-depressant (抗抑郁) drugs regulate serotonin levels. Scientists had also identified three variants of the gene. Two so-called "short" variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and suicide attempts. Unlike the two "short" variants, the "long" variant of 5-HTTLPR showed a clear dislike of negative images, such as fierce animals, and a clear liking for positive ones, such as flowers.
Researchers from the University of Essex in Britain, led by Elaine Fox, showed participants a
series of images. The images were divided into three kinds: negative ones aimed at inspiring fear or stress such as a spider or person about to commit suicide, pleasant ones and neutral ones.
“The participants who had the long variant of the 5-HTTLPR gene showed a clear dislike of negative material alongside a careful attention for positive material,” the researchers found. They paid close attention to the pretty pictures, and ignored the frightening ones. On the other hand, the short variant groups had the opposite reaction.
In January, the Australian government organized "happiness workshops", teaching government
staff how to be happy. The department that held the "happiness workshops" said unhappy staff weren't productive staff. Australian political opposition parties have argued that the "happiness workshops" are probably a waste of money and couldn't increase productivity as intended. However, whether the workshop will have a happy or disappointing result, we will have to wait and see.
67．Form the third paragraph, we know that         .
A．a(chǎn)ffected by 5-HTTLPR, the neurotransmitter serotonin works within the blood
B．there are 5 variants of 5-HTTLPR genes which control people’s moods
C．how the neurotransmitter serotonin works is greatly determined by 5-HTTLPR
D．5-HTTLPR receives chemical messages from verve cells
68．What does “It” in the sentence “It has been closely linked to mood.” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?
A．Serotonin.          B．A nerve cell.        C．5-HTTLPR.         D．The brain.
69．If a person had the long variant of 5-HTTLPR, he or she would probably         .
A．like the images of spiders                     B．prefer the images of crocodiles
C．enjoy an image of green tress                D．suffer from depression very often
70．What can we infer from the passage?
A．People’s moods can change a little bit under the influence of certain drugs.
B．Researchers showed participants of the research two kinds of images.
C．A person possesses one long and one short variant of 5-HTTLPR at the same time.
D．The author firmly believes that “happiness workshops” will not change people’s moods.
練習冊系列答案
相關(guān)習題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A man’s best friend may become his enemy. His children that he has_____16____with loving care may show no thanks. Those who are ____17_____to us, those whom we trust with our happiness____18_____turn against their faith. The money that a man has, he may___19_____.It flies from him, perhaps when he needs it _____20______.A man’s reputation(名譽) may be lost in a moment of ill-considered_____21_____. The people who would prefer to fall on their knees to do us honour when success is with us may be ____22____ to throw the stone malice(敵意) when failure settles upon our heads.
The one absolutely(絕對地)____23_____friend that man can have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts(遺棄) him is his_____24_____. A man’s dog stands by him____25____he is rich or poor, healthy or sick. He will sleep on the cold ground,____26_____the wintry winds blow and the snow drives hard,____27____he may be near his master’s side. He will _____28____the hand that has no food to offer. He guards the sleep of his poor master as if he ___29_____ a prince. When all other friends desert him , the dog_____30____. When reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant(不斷的) in his love as the sun in its journey _____31_____the heavens.
If the master becomes friendless and homeless,____32____the faithful dog asks for is to be with him. And when___33___ takes his master in its embrace(擁抱) and his body____34___away in the cold ground, there by the graveside(墓邊) will the dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but ____35______in watchfullness, faithful and true even in death.
16． A. brought out   B. brought up        C. brought in       D. brought on
17.  A. nearest       B. most useful        C. most important   D. strangest
18.  A. must         B. have to           C. may            D. should
19  A. keep         B. Use             C. earn            D. lose
20.  A. more        B. most             C. better           D. very
21.  A. action       B. thought           C. movement       D. mind
22.  A. first         B. last              C. latest           D. newest
23.  A. close       B. selfish           C. kind             D. unselfish
24.  A. wife         B. dog             C. himself          D. brother
25.  A. whether      B. even though      C. although         D. whenever
26.  A. there        B. because          C. where          D. which
27.  A.as long as     B. even if          C. so that           D. though
28.  A. eat          B. take            C. kiss             D. shake
29.  A. is           B. were            C. had been        D. would be
30.  A. leaves       B. cries            C. remains         D. disappears
31.  A  into        B. on              C. out of          D. through
32.  A. why         B. which           C. how           D. what
33.  A. birth        B. life              C. death          D. kindness
34.  A. lay         B. is lain            C. is laying         D. is laid
35.  A. closed       B. open            C. shut             D. Opened

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate. A true friend is someone who stays with you for life."_1_ teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily _2_.
It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place long enough food _3_friendship to _4_. However, there can be_5_disagreement on the need for each of us to think carefully about the kind of friendship we want.
To most of us, friendships are considered very important, but we need to have clear in our _6_ the kinds of friendship we want. Are they to be close or _7_ at arm's length? Do we want to _8_ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are _9_enough—and that' s all right. But at some point we need to 10 that our expectations are the same as our friends' expectations. The sharing of_11_experience _12_ our tears as well as our dark dreams is the surest way to deepen friendships. But it _13_be undertaken(進行) slowly and carried on only if there are _14_of interest and action in return.
What are some of the _15_of friendship? The greatest is the attraction to expect too much too soon. Deep relationships _16_time. Another“major difficulty" is the selfishness to think one “possesses" the other, including his time and attention. Similarly, friendships _17_ actions in return. In 18words, you must give as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of. Unless you spend _19_time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will die _20_?.?
1. A. Knowledge        B. Teachers            C. Experience       D. Parents
2. A. understood         B. formed             C. realized         D. produced? 
3. A. true               B. common           C. deeply           D. actual?
4. A. design             B. intend             C. develop          D. appear? 
5. A. no                B. some              C. any             D. none?
6. A. hearts             B. thoughts            C. actions          D. minds? 
7. A. remained          B. left                C. kept            D. stayed? 
8. A. own               B. owe               C. share            D. spare? 
9. A. that               B. very               C. quite            D. not?
10. A. make sure         B. remember         C. expect           D. check out? 
11. A. social            B. ordinary            C. good           D. personal? 
12. A. includes          B. to include           C. including        D. included? 
13. A. can              B. need               C. will            D. must? 
14. A. marks            B. sights              C. scenes          D. signs? 
15. A. difficulties        B. differences          C. advantages      D. things
16. A. cost             B. spend               C. ask            D. take? 
17. A. require           B. request             C. depend         D. suggest? 
18. A. some            B. many               C. other          D. different?
19. A. reasonable        B. comfortable          C. less            D. a lot?
20. A. for             B. away                C. out            D. from

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C、D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time. One of them is to walk around it, guide-book   36  hand. Of course, we may   37  with our guide-books the history and   38  developments of a town and get to know them.   39  then, if we take out time and   40  in a town for a while, we may get to know it better. When we   41  it as a whole, we begin to have some   42  ,which even the best guide-books do not answer. Why is the town just   43  this, this shape, this plan, this size? Why do its streets   44   in this particular way, and not in any   45  why?
Here even the best guide-book   46  us. One can’t find in it the information about how a town has developed to the   47  appearance. It may not describe the original (最初的)   48   of a town. However, one may get some idea of what I   49  look like by walking around the town. One can also imagine   50  the town was first planned and built. Then one can learn more about in what direction the town   51  to develop.
What is the   52  of studying towns in the way? For me, it is   53  that one gets a greater depth of pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with one’s own eyes. A   54  visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive   55  just reading about it in a guide-book.
36. A. in          B. at                  C. by                 D. on
37. A. write        B. study               C. tell               D. remember
38. A. strange      B. similar             C. separate           D. special
39. A. But         B. Before              C. Since             D. Until
40. A. look at       B. work               C. stay              D. wail
41. A. look at       B. look after         C. look for         D. look up
42. A. ideas         B. opinions            C. feelings        D. questions
43. A. of              B. for             C. like              D. as
44. A. open            B. run                 C. begin           D. move
45. A. one             B. more             C. other            D. such
46. A. helps           B. tricks           C. fails             D. satisfies
47. A. old             B. normal            C. first           D. present
48. A. capital         B. meaning          C. design          D. change
49. A. used to         B. seemed to        C. had to           D. happened to
50. A. what            B. how             C. when            D. where
51. A. stops           B. appears          C. starts           D. continues
52. A. point           B. view             C. problem         D. difficulty
53. A.nearly           B. simply           C. generally        D. hardly
54. A.costly           B. formal              C. group           D. personal
55. A. from           B.than                C. through            D. with

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
　　"Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents, and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement. But it really doesn't have to be that way," said Anaclerio. Last summer, Anaclerio and her friend Jill Garlisle, a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old, founded a home party-planning business called "A Party in a Basket." Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning, like choosing the subject or making a cake, while they take care of everything.
　　Drawing on their experiences as mothers, they have created（制作）10 ready-to-use, home party packages. Everything a family needs to plan a party, except the cake and ice cream, is delivered to the home in a large basket.
　　"Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10."Anaclerio said, "and they're very interactive（互動）and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. For example, at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creations."
　　The standard ＄200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitations, gifts, games and prizes, paper goods, a party planner and the like. For more information, call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.
72. The main purpose of writing this text is ____.
　　A. to share information about party planning
　　B. to introduce the joys of a birthday party
　　C. to announce a business plan
　　D. to sell a service
73. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that ____.
　　A. it brings parents and children closer together
　　B. guests play a part in the preparation of a party
　　C. parents are spared the trouble of sending invitations
　　D. it provides a subject of conversation
74. What does the underlined word "hassle"（Paragraph 1） probably mean？
　　A. a party designed by specialists
　　B. a plan requiring careful thought
　　C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
　　D. a demand made by guests
75. Which of the following is most likely to be a party planner？
　

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Many people wrongly believe that when people reach old age, their families place them in nursing homes.They are left in the 1 of strangers for the rest of their lives.Their 2 children visit them only occasionally, but more often, they do not have any 3 visitors.The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an 4 story.In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care 5 elderly people need.Samuel Prestoon, a sociologist, studied 6 the American family is changing.He reported that by the time the 7 American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. 8 , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years 9 , family members must provide long term care.More psychologists have found that all caregivers 10 a common characteristic: All caregivers believe that they are the best 11 for the job.In other words, they all felt that they 12 do the job better than anyone else.Social workers 13 caregivers to find out why they took 14 the responsibility of caring for an elderly relative.Many caregivers believed they had 15 to help their relative.Some stated that helping others 16 them feel more useful.Others hoped that by helping 17 now, they would deserve care when they became old and 18 .Caring for the elderlyand being taken care of can be a 19 satisfying experience for everyone who might be 20 .
1.A.hands B.arms C.bodies D.homes
2.A.growing B.grown C.being grown D.having grown
3.A.constant B.lasting C.regular D.normal　　
4.A.imaginary B.imaginable C.imaginative D.imagery
5.A.that B.this C.those D.these
6.A.when B.how C.what D.where
7.A.common B.ordinary C.standard D.average
8.A.Further B.However C.Moreover D.Whereas
9.A.before B.ago C.later D.lately
10.A.share B.enjoy C.divide D.consent
11.A.person B.people C.character D.man
12.A.would B.will C.could D.can
13.A.questioned B.interviewed C.inquired D.interrogate
14.A.in B.up C.on D.off
15.A.admiration B.initiative C.necessity D.obligation
16.A.cause B.enable C.make D.get
17.A.someone B.anyone C.everyone D.anybody
18.A.elderly B.dependent C.dependable D.independent
19.A.similarly B.differently C.mutually D.certainly
20.A.involved B.excluded C.included D.considered

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）
請認真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
There are going to be moments in life when you must make very important decisions. You will find many people  36  to offer you advice if you ask for it (and even if you don’t), but always remember that the life you  37  is yours and nobody else’s. It’s important to decide for yourself what’s important to you and what you want before you   38   others. Because while there will be times  39  outside advice proves wise, there will be at least as many times when it proves completely  40 . The only way to really evaluate other folks’ advice is to first learn everything that you can about whatever challenge you are  41 . Once you’ve done that, in most cases you should be able to make a wise decision  42   anyway.
You were   43   with the ability to decide what is and what isn’t in your best interest. Most of the time, you will make the right decision and  44  the appropriate actions, and in thinking for yourself, you will become far more successful than if you had gone
against your own   45  .
Early on in my investment career, I made the mistake of  46  a few important business decisions on colleagues’ opinions instead of conducting the   47   necessary to make a wise decision. It wasn’t due to   48   on my part; no one could ever accuse me of that. But, being   49  to Wall Street, I intended to assume that my more senior  50  knew more than I did, and so I  51  too much significance to their opinions.
You know what happened? Each of those investments ended in  52  . Eventually I stopped allowing myself to be influenced by  53  and began doing the work myself and making my own decisions. It took me until I was almost 30 years old to  54   this—it’s never too late for a person to change his approach both to   55  and to life. 
36. A. easy                                   B. ready                               C. unwilling                         D. hard
37. A. lead                                    B. lend                                  C. take                                 D. earn
38. A. look at                      B. pick up                   C. turn to                   D. learn from
39. A. that                                    B. since                                C. when                               D. while
40. A. useless                     B. useful                              C. priceless                         D. clever
41. A. getting                     B. making                            C. suffering                         D. facing
42. A. on one hand            B. on your own                   C. on the whole                 D. on all sides
43. A. born                                   B. tired                                 C. satisfied                          D. covered
44. A. enjoy                                  B. step                                 C. plan                                  D. take
45. A. assumption                      B. judgment                        C. condition                        D. fortune
46. A. basing                                B. depending                      C. relying                    D. focusing
47. A. research                           B. search                    C. resources                       D. activity
48. A. poverty                    B. laziness                           C. fear                                  D. diligence
49. A. used                                   B. accustomed                   C. new                                  D. old
50. A. students                           B. brothers                         C. colleagues                      D. classmates
51. A. owed                                  B. paid                                  C. gave                                 D. held
52. A. disaster                   B. progress                         C. failure                    D. success
53. A. either                                 B. another                           C. each                                 D. others
54. A. think                                   B. remember                      C. realize                             D. recall
55. A. payment                           B. dreams                           C. happiness                       D. business

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


C
Sitting in a dark movie theater with your friends. and a tub of popcorn (H^) sounds like a perfect way to spend a Saturday night, and it could be, if you are willing to share your popcorn with the entire row of moviegoers around you.
A review of movie-theater popcorn reveals an alarming amount of fat, salt and calories in even the smallest sizes. A large tub of popcorn at Regal Cinemas, for example, holds 20 cups of popcorn and has 1,200 calories, 980 milligrams of sodium (鈉) and 60 grams of saturated (飽和的) fat. Adding just a tablespoon of butter adds 130 calories. And do not forget that it comes with free refills.
Not so hungry? The medium size popcorn, even the small, at 11 cups, delivers 670 calories, 550 milligrams of sodium .and 24 grams of saturated fat. The findings may surprise those who believe it is a relatively healthy snack. In fact, plain air-popped popcorn is low in calories and free of saturated fat. Movie theater popcorn, however, is popped in oil, often coconut oil, which is 90 percent saturated fat. Add salt to it, and your once-healthy snack turns into a health offender.
One way to make your popcorn healthier? Ask the theater to pop the corn without salt. The best way to make your movie snack healthier, however, would be to skip the popcorn.
"You could share a tub of popcorn with 10 friends," Dr. Nestle, a professor of nutrition at New York University, said. "Or, what a concept, watch the movie without eating anything."
64. The review finds that movie theatre popcorn may contain all the following EXCEPT ______.
A. butter           B. sodium                 C. saturated fat         D. pepper
65. What does the author think of popcorn prepared in coconut oil?
A. It is a healthy snack.                        B. It does harm to our health.               C. It looks like a perfect choice.                 D. It is very nutritious.
66. Which kind of popcorn causes the least health concern?
A. Movie theatre popcorn.                                 B. Popcorn sold at Regal Cinemas.          C. Large size popcorn.                                      D. Plain air-popped popcorn.
67. What is Dr. Nestle's suggestion to moviegoers?
A. Avoid eating popcorn.                                  B. Share popcorn with friends.              C. Not eating anything in the movie theatre.          D. Try eating other kind of food.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Dear Mr. Barton,
I am writing for the residents’ association (業(yè)主協(xié)會) to inform you of our feelings about your act. We’ve really had enough of you. Although we have tried to speak to you politely on several occasions, you have always answered with a stream of verbal abuse(辱罵).
Ever since you moved in three months ago, you have shown very little consideration for the other residents of this building, though many residents expressed their unhappiness with you. For the past six weekends, you have held very noisy parties, which have not finished until early the next morning. As you know, most of the people here are elderly or have very young children, and the noise keeps them awake all night. You don’t have to be so noisy, do you? Last weekend the situation deteriorated when two of your friends fought with each other on the first floor. The fighting was so bad that the police had to be called. What’s more, your friends left the stairs in a terrible state --- they even broke two windows on their way out! We feel that we can’t bear this type of act.
We strongly demand that you pay for this damage to the window soon. If you don’t and you carry on being a nuisance(令人討厭的人或物). We will kick you out! Legal steps will be taken if necessary.
Yours sincerely,
Resident
57. What does the writer feel? 
A. Excited                      B. surprised                  C. Angry               D. Happy
58. What does the word “deteriorated” mean?
A. Changed                 B. Improved                C. Moved    D. Worsened
59. What is the main purpose of the letter?
A. To ask Mr. Barton to leave the building for the peace.        
B. To inform Mr. Barton of the noise he made.
C. To talk about what Mr. Barton did.   D. To give a warning to Mr. Barton.
60. What is true according to the letter?
A. Mr. Barton paid no attention to the others’ unhappiness.   
B. Mr. Barton never replied to the others’ unhappiness
C. Mr. Barton always said sorry to those unhappy with him.     
D. Mr. Barton never apologized to the other residents.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案