WASHINGTON(Reuters)?People who drink two or more sweetened soft drinks a week have a much higher risk of pancreatic cancer (胰腺癌), an unusual but deadly cancer, researchers reported on Monday.
People who drank mostly fruit juice instead of sodas did not have the same risk, the study of 60,000 people in Singapore found.
“Sugar may be to blame but people who drink sweetened sodas regularly often have other poor health habits,” said Mark Pereira of the University of Minnesota, who led the study.
“The high levels of sugar in soft drinks may be increasing the level of insulin(胰島素) in the body, which we think contributes to pancreatic cancer cell growth,” President said in a statement.
Writing in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Pereira and his colleagues said they followed 60,524 men and women in the Singapore—Chinese Health Study for 14 years.
Over that time, 140 of the volunteers developed pancreatic cancer. Those who drank two or more sweetened soft drinks a week had an 87 percent higher risk of being among those who got pancreatic cancer.
Pereira said he believed the findings would apply elsewhere.
“Singapore is a wealthy country with excellent healthcare. Favorite pastimes(消遣) are eating and shopping, so the findings should apply to other western countries.” he said.
But Susan Mayne of the Yale Cancer Center at Yale University in Connecticut was cautious.
“Although this study found a risk, the finding was based on a relatively small number of cases and it remains unclear whether it was a causal(因果的) connection or not.” Said Mayne, who serves on thee board of the journal, which is published by the American Association for Cancer Research.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest form of cancer, with 230,000 cases globally. In the United States, 37,680 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in a year and 34, 290 die of it.
小題1:We can infer from Pereira’s word that_________
A．the healthcare in Singapore should be greatly improved
B．2 soft drinks a day are considered harmful to health
C．87 out of 140 volunteers developed pancreatic cancer
D．sugar might not be the only cause of pancreatic cancer.
小題2:How does Susan seem to feel about the findings of the study?
A．SatisfiedB．DoubtfulC．WorriedD．Hopeful
小題3:The best title of the text might be_______
A．The Deadliest Forms of Cancer
B．Drink Fruit Juice Instead of Sodas
C．A Study in University of Minnesota
D．Sugary Soft Drinks Lead to Cancer

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:D

試題分析：研究人員通過調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)：每周喝兩瓶或更多含糖軟飲料的人患胰腺癌的幾率會更高。而且指出在西方其他國家應該存在同樣情況。但是也有人提出異議，認為通過研究這么少的病例不足以證實飲用含糖軟飲料和胰腺癌之間存在必然的因果關系。
小題1:D推理判斷題�！癝ugar may be to blame but people who drink sweetened sodas regularly often have other poor health habits,”意思是糖應該承擔責任（在患胰腺癌方面），但是那些喜歡喝含糖飲料的人經(jīng)常有其他不良飲食習慣。由此可知其他的不良飲食習慣也會導致胰腺癌的發(fā)病，所以D選項正確。
小題2:B細節(jié)理解題。從“the finding was based on a relatively small number of cases and it remains unclear whether it was a causal(因果的) connection or not.”可知Susan認為研究的病例比較少，含糖軟飲料和胰腺癌之間的關系還有待于進一步證實，所以她是持懷疑態(tài)度的。B選項正確。
小題3:D主旨大意題。?文章開頭提出中心People who drink two or more sweetened soft drinks a week have a much higher risk of pancreatic cancer ，然后再進一步敘述研究細節(jié)詳情等，所以D選項正確。
練習冊系列答案
相關習題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In the late 1970’s,many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems ，and new steel — and — glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Some ecologists (生態(tài)學家）pointed out that a number of tall buildings in a city often overburden public transportation.
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers of electric power and water. In just one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City itself has already raised the top daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kw — enough to supply the entire city of Albany in New York area for a single day.
Glass—walled skyscrapers can also be especially wasteful. The heat loss ，or gain， through a wall of half 一 inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical ordinary wall filled with bricks or board. In order to decrease the pressure on heating and air — conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double—layered glass ，and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that could reduce glare (強光）as well as heat gain. However, mirror — walled skyscrapers may raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings as well.
Skyscrapers put a severe pressure on a city's sanitation (衛(wèi)生）facilities, too. If fully occupied, the towers just within the central area of New York would alone produce 2. 25 million gallons of waste water each year^—as much as the city size of Stanford， Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109，000.
小題1:The underlined phrase“ lavish consumers ”in the 2nd paragraph probably means ____
A．trash producersB．great spendersC．pressure makersD．poor customers
小題2:Glass walls of skyscrapers are specially mentioned in order to _____.
A．show how skyscrapers manage to lessen their pressure
B．explain why skyscrapers can control its air conditions
C．describe further how wasteful skyscrapers could be
D．present the stability of skyscrapers in modern buildings
小題3:From the last paragraph we can learn that _____.
A．central New York skyscrapers are a large waste water producer
B．the central area of New York is as large as the city of Stanford
C．more than 109，000 people live in the skyscrapers in New York
D．New York produces 2. 25 million gallons of waste water each year
小題4:When the writer talks about skyscrapers ，his tone sounds _____
A．positiveB．doubtfulC．gratefulD．negative

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In a recent study, researchers have estimated the energy required to produce bottled water, including the energy required to manufacture plastic, make the plastic into bottles, process the water, fill and seal the bottles, transport the bottles, and chill the bottles for use. Combining all the energy input totals for treatment and distribution, researchers found that producing bottled water requires between 5.6 and 10.2 million joules(焦耳) of energy per liter, depending on transportation factors. That's up to 2, 000 times the energy required to produce tap water.
To break down the energy requirements, researchers found that producing the plastic bottles and transporting the bottles greatly dominated(控制) the energy input. Although some companies are experimenting with producing lightweight bottles or using recycled materials, the researchers calculated that the manufacturing cost is about 4 million joules of energy per plastic bottle weighing 38 grams, and the cap weighing 2 grams.
“Our previous work had suggested that bottled water production was an energy­ intensive process, but we were surprised to see the results, ” the researchers said.
Transportation costs vary depending on the distance and mode of transport and both factors depend on the type of bottled water. There are two main kinds of bottled water in the US:” spring water” which comes from an underground spring and “purified water”,which is city tap water that has received further treatment. For purified water distributed locally by truck within Los Angeles, the total transportation energy is about 1.4 million joules per liter. In the second situation, spring water shipped from Fiji (such as Fiji Spring Water) across the Pacific to Los Angeles, and then delivered locally by truck requires about 4 million joules per liter for transportation. For the spring water, the transportation energy equaled (in the case of Fiji) the energy required to produce the bottle.
With this data, the researchers hope that future studies will have the ability to make specific estimates for different situations, and possibly find ways to cut energy costs.
小題1:From the first Paragraph we can know that the energy required to ______.
A．produce bottled water includes the energy required to drink it
B．distribute bottled water includes the energy for producing the bottles
C．distribute bottled water is much smaller than the energy for treating it
D．produce bottled water is much smaller than the energy for producing tap water
小題2:To reduce the energy required to produce bottled water, some companies are trying ______.
A．to fill tap water into the plastic bottles directly
B．to replace the plastic bottles with metal containers
C．to produce lightweight bottles with recycled materials
D．to use bicycles to transport and deliver bottled water locally
小題3:What's Paragraph 4 mainly talking about?
A．Treatment of bottled water needs no energy input at all.
B．Bottled water production is an energy­ intensive process.
C．Transportation of bottled water takes up the most energy input.
D．Production of the plastic bottles greatly dominated the energy input.
小題4: We can infer from the passage that ______.
A．there are two main kinds of bottled water in the US
B．world consumption of bottled water has been increasing
C．transportation costs have something to do with the mode of transport
D．bottled water produced in Spring is more expensive than purified water
小題5: What's the main purpose of the passage?
A．To help consumers themselves make more environmentally sustainable choices.
B．To advise the government to take severe measures to stop producing bottled water.
C．To urge the consumers to drink tap water instead of bottled water for the sake of the earth.
D．To try the best to find ways to produce bottled water cheaply and quickly for the companies.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most students try to learn English grammar using grammar textbooks. They study grammar rules and take grammar tests. They use an analytical approach, attempting to memorize, and then apply, a great number of rules.
However, research has proved this method inefficient and ineffective. The truth is, the human brain simply cannot consciously remember process and use hundreds of or thousands of grammar rules. Real speech is too fast.
Native speakers do not learn grammar in this way, but rather intuitively (憑直覺地) and unconsciously. They learn in a complete way, not by attempting to memorize individual grammar rules. As a result, native speakers use correct grammar fluently and easily.
Fortunately, it is possible for English learners to learn grammar this way. Language teacher Blaine Ray has developed a unique "intuitive" approach to teach English grammar. Her system uses "point of view" stories to teach the patterns of English grammar, allowing students unconsciously to acquire correct grammar without ever studying grammar rules.
In this system, the teacher first tells a simple story from one point of view. It may be told about the past, then repeated, but beginning with "since he was a child"; then repeated again, but this time about the future.
Listening to these stories allows students intuitively and effortlessly to learn English grammar and makes them be able to use it correctly when they speak.
Point of View Stories is a creative new way to study English grammar, and offers hope to millions of frustrated English learners.
小題1:Which of the following ways is approved by the author?
A．Remembering grammar rules
B．Taking grammar tests.
C．Analyzing grammatical structure
D．Applying language to situations.
小題2:What does the underlined part "this way" in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A．Talking to native speakers when learning.
B．Learning English grammar in a complete way.
C．Using correct English grammar.
D．Learning English grammar 4from a teacher.
小題3:From this passage we learn that ______.
A．native speakers learn English grammar by listening to stories
B．Blaine Ray’s method gets students to grasp correct grammar unconsciously
C．Blaine Ray teaches grammar rules by asking students to tell stories
D．it’s hard for students to speak correct English in the new system
小題4: This passage wants to ______.
A．criticize the traditional way of learning grammar
B．introduce a new way to study English grammar
C．a(chǎn)sk students to learn English grammar by listening to stories
D．tell us how the native speakers learn English grammar
小題5:why shouldn’t the English learners use an analytical approach?
A．because the analytical approach can let them learn English grammar effortlessly
B．because the analytical approach makes them be able to use English correctly when they speak.
C．because the analytical approach can’t let them memorize and then apply a great number of rules.
D．because Real speech is too fast.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A portable lung which could help those with breathing problems lead a normal life is being developed by scientists.
The Swansea University scientists say it could take many years before the device(裝置) , the size of a spectacle box (眼鏡盒) , is available . Lung patients , who have seen how it would work , have welcomed the research.
Its research suggests that one person in every seven in the UK is affected by lung disease---- this equates to approximately 8 million people. As of 6 March 2009, 217 people were on the waiting list for a lung transplant（移植） according to figures by NHS Blood and Transplant .
Now scientists in Swansea are developing a portable artificial lung which could transform (改觀) the lives of patients . Researchers claim that in the long term the device could offer an alternative to lung transplant , giving hope to those who suffer from conditions such as emphysema(肺氣腫) and cystic fibrosis.
The device mimics the function of a lung---by getting oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the blood stream . Professor Bill Johns came up with the idea after his son died of Cystic Fibrosis . It is important that we make something that will help people , who instead of being confined (局限) to a wheelchair with an oxygen bottle , can actually walk around and do things for themselves , he said.
Although the research has been welcomed by leading charities(慈善) , caution has also been voiced over the length of time it will take before a portable lung will become available .
“We have to stress that this is several years away from being used , even in a trial stage,” said Chris Mulholland , head of the British Lung Foundation.
Patient Elizabeth Spence from Swansea has been refused the double lung transplant she needs but remains hopeful that one day the new device could save her . “ My body will reject the lungs , so this possibly could be an answer--- another way of getting new lungs without actually having the transplant,” she said.
小題1:Which of the following about the portable lung would the author agree?
A．It can help a lot in lung transplants
B．It was once on display
C．It works differently from the normal one in the body
D．It’s just like an oxygen bottle.
小題2:It seems as if _______ really matters before the portable lung is put into use.
A．supportB．moneyC．timeD．trial
小題3:What’s the author’s attitude towards the portable lung ?
A．Negative.B．Doubtful.C．Curious.D．Objective.
小題4:Which edition can you probably find the passage ?
A．Science.B．Culture.C．Economy.D．Education.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續(xù)的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil， which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emission (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate (加速) the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.
小題1: The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ______.
A．it makes the world warmer
B．it consumes natural resources
C．it brings severe damage to forests
D．it makes growth hard to continue
小題2:What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A．China lacks wind and solar energy.
B．China is the leader of the low carbon market.
C．High speed trains are a low carbon development.
D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.
小題3:To fully develop the low carbon markets, government can ______.
A．cut public expensesB．forbid carbon emission
C．develop public resourcesD．encourage energy conservation
小題4:We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ______.
A．develop sustainable products
B．explore new natural resources
C．make full use of natural resources
D．deal with the major challenge
小題5:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce a new business model.
B．To compare two business models.
C．To predict a change of the global market.
D．To advocate (提倡) sustainable development.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


小題1:_ But by using a college admissions consultant (咨詢員), you can greatly increase your chances of getting accepted into the first college on your list. These consultants are people who are expert at getting people just like you into the college of their dreams.小題2:They can make a difference in your college admission quest.
Help finding schools. Perhaps you don’t know where you want to go or only have an unclear idea as to where you would like to go. Your consultant can give you many ideas as to which schools would be fit for you and then you can go from there.
Help with applications.小題3:They will be able to review your application before it is sent off to the college you are applying to and be able to tell you if there is anything that needs to be added or taken away. Imagine how terrible it would be to get refused by the college of your choice only because of some small mistakes.
Help with student loans (貸款). It may be necessary for you to get student loans in your college. 小題4: Your consultant will know exactly where to look and can even help you determine what type of aid you can get. They can even give you some ideas of specific scholarships for you.
It is true that it costs money to hire a college admissions consultant. If they can provide you with ideas for your need, the money is good for the value小題5: I think it is necessary to get into the school you want with the consultants’ help.
A．After all, you are only going to go to college once.
B．You may be puzzled by so many kinds of applications.
C．But you may have no idea where to begin your search.
D．They know how to do with the scholarship at the college.
E. They know all the ins and outs (細節(jié)) of the college admissions.
F. Getting accepted into the college of your choice is sometimes a difficult thing.
G. They know exactly what schools do and don’t want to see on applications.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Monitoring global warming usually requires a Ph. D. and enough maths to glaze your eyes. But that Francisco Lopez and Ruby Nostrant track（記錄）what climate change is doing to five different plants in Tucson, Arizona and they are only in the second grade.
“We are collecting data because the weather is changing and the plants are blooming,” Ruby explained.
Scores of other students at Borton Primary Magnet School and Sunnyside High School in Tucson are heading outdoors to be part of a new scientific push to figure out how the biological timing of the earth is changing. It’s a research project that the average person, even a kindergartner, can join in.
The National Phenology（生物氣候學）Network is calling on volunteers to help track early spring blooms and eventually changes in animals caused by global warming. It’s called Project Budburst. When it was first open to the public last year, thousands of people participated in 26 states.
“All people can contribute to it by tracking the timing of flowering events or leaf-out events for plants and animals in their backyard,” said Phenology Network director Jake Weltzin. He calls the volunteers “citizen-scientists.”
The idea is that tracking flowers blooming—especially lilacs（丁香）; which everyday people have helped track for decades—is fairly simple. The Website http://www.Windows.ucar.edu/ citizen_science/budburst/index.html gives directions on what to look for in different parts of the country.
University of Maryland professor David Inouye said it’s so easy to figure out what’s blooming that a lack of special knowledge isn’t a problem.
University of Arizona ecology graduate student Lisa Benton coordinated（協(xié)調(diào)）the Tucson high school students as they looked at plants five minutes from their high school. Each student has specific guidelines and she’s been happy so far with the data she is getting. For his part, second-grader Francisco said he had fun helping out.
“I like going out in the desert,” he said. “I want to be an Einstein.”
小題1:Francisco Lopez and Ruby Nostrant are monitoring global warming by __________.
A．watching early spring blooms and changes in animals
B．studying the biological timing of earth
C．collecting data of the local weather
D．tracking the early spring blooms of some local plants
小題2:Those who participate in Project Budburst are mostly ___________.
A．ecology college graduatesB．high school students
C．common peopleD．experts
小題3:What David Inouye says suggests that ____________.
A．the study carried out by students is convincing
B．the students still need special training to study climate change
C．it is difficult to study climate change
D．to figure out what’s blooming needs special knowledge
小題4:Who is primary school student joining in the Project Budburst?
A．Lisa Benton.B．David Inouye
C．Francisco Lopez.D．Jake Weltzin.
小題5:We can conclude from the passage that _______.
A．changes in animals caused by global warming happen earlier than those in plants
B．the biological timing of earth is changing because of climate change
C．the effect of climate change in Tucson, Arizona can be hardly noticed
D．a(chǎn)ll the plants in Tucson, Arizona are blooming earlier because of climate change

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In tradition (傳統(tǒng)的) education, the teacher may feel that the students are not very grown up. Usually, teachers are older than students, and teachers feel that students are young and do not know much about the world. The teachers feel that they must tell the students what to do most of the time, and that they must also make the students study specific (特殊的) things. In open education, the teacher’s methods are very different. These teachers feel that the students are human beings (人) first, and students second. They expect the students to be responsible for the things that they do, just as adults are. A student’s ideas and feelings are just as important as the teacher’s. The teacher allows the students to decide what they want to do, and does not make them study what they do not want to. The teacher lets them decide what to study and how much to study. It’s very important for the teacher to show how he or she feels about students.
小題1:Which is the topic for the passage?
A．Traditional Education
B．Open Education
C．The Students Are Human Beings First
D．Two Kinds of Different Education
小題2:What’s the theory of open education?
A．The students are human beings first, and students second.
B．The students should be responsible for what they do.
C．The students’ ideas and feelings are very important.
D．The teachers should allow the students to do what they want to do.
小題3:In traditional education, the teachers consider that __________.
A．they should praise the students all the time
B．they should tell the students what to do all the time
C．the students should know much about the world
D．the students should learn much about the world from their teachers
小題4:We can infer (推斷) that ____________.
A．students needn’t study as hard as they did before
B．students can learn more about the world in open education
C．most of the teachers don’t agree with the idea of open education
D．most of the students prefer traditional education to open education

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案