Question

We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.

Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect — but to have no tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in school or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher.

Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them — a form of favouritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child form a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.

The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.

1.What is the similarity between supporters and opponents?

A. They both like exams.                B. They both dislike exams.

B. They value standards.                D. They value equality.

2.The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that ________.

A．bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs

B．children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs

C．poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets

D．children attending ordinary schools achieve great success

3.What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?

A．Schools for bright children would lose their reputation.

B．There would be more opportunities and excellence.

C．Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.

D．Children’s job opportunity would be affected by their school’s reputation.

4.The opponents of the examination system will agree that _________.

A．jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection

B．computers should be selected to take over many jobs

C．special classes are necessary to keep the school standards

D．schools with academic subjects should be done away with

5.The passage mainly focuses on ___________.

A．schools and certificates                   B．examination and equality

C．opportunity and employment              D．standards and reputation

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.D

2.B

3.D

4.A

5.B

【解析】

試題分析：文章介紹了兩種不同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，一種認(rèn)為考試是公平的，可以讓不一樣的人通過(guò)考試接受平等的考驗(yàn)，而有人不同意，認(rèn)為就是考試創(chuàng)造不平等。

1.從第一段的內(nèi)容：We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.

可知支持者和反對(duì)者都重視平等。選D

2.猜詞題：破折號(hào)后的句子是對(duì)前面進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明的,二者是同位關(guān)系,因此,要猜測(cè) favouritism的意思,可從前面句子的意思入手。答案為 B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child form a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favoured school.可知一旦取消了考試，孩子的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)受學(xué)校的聲譽(yù)影響。選D

4.推理題：從最后一段的家族：all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.可知考試系統(tǒng)的贊同者認(rèn)為工作不應(yīng)該由系統(tǒng)的考試決定。選A

5.主旨題：從第一段的句子：可知文章講的是考試和平等的關(guān)系。選B

考點(diǎn)：考查教育類(lèi)短文

點(diǎn)評(píng)：作者介紹了兩種對(duì)考試和公平的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，誰(shuí)對(duì)誰(shuí)錯(cuò)由讀者來(lái)判斷，在解答這類(lèi)問(wèn)題時(shí)要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息，充分利用題干信息來(lái)定位準(zhǔn)確。