【題目】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In the ongoing fight against COVID-19, gritting one’s teeth and carrying on has characterized much about life in Wuhan these past months. “Wuhan people experienced it first-hand.” said Hui Yan, a Wuhan native 【1】 recovered from the coronavirus. “Our friends got sick. Our friends and relatives died. Right before our eyes, one 【2】 one, they left us. They have a deeper understanding of this disaster in 【3】 (compare) with people in other cities.” In February, Ms. Yan 【4】 (spend) 15 days fighting the virus in Huoshenshan, one of the city's newly built coronavirus hospitals.
During the past two months, with the lockdown lifted, growing numbers of families 【5】 (be) out to take in the sunshine and fresh air in parks along the Yangtze River. Older residents have started gathering again in small groups 【6】 (chat) or play chess. Children are a rare sight and always appear to be under the careful watch of parents. More shops have reopened, often 【7】 (set) up street-front counters so that customers can buy vegetables, alcohol, and other goods without entering. Companies in Wuhan have been 【8】 (caution) about calling their 【9】 (employ) back to work, contributing to the revival of the city life. Yet there still remains 【10】 tough test for the city to balance pandemic (疫情) control and economic growth.
【答案】
【1】who/that
【2】by
【3】comparison
【4】spent
【5】have been/are
【6】to chat
【7】setting
【8】cautious
【9】employees
【10】a
【解析】
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述過(guò)去幾個(gè)月里武漢人們?cè)诳箵粜滦凸跔畈《緯r(shí)的咬牙堅(jiān)持,以及在禁令解除后,人們生活的逐漸恢復(fù)。
【1】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“___1___ recovered from the coronavirus.”是限定性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾名詞“native”,先行詞native表示的是人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),需用關(guān)系代詞who/that。故填who/that。
【2】考查介詞。句意:他們離開了我們,就在我們眼前,一個(gè)接一個(gè)。分析句子可知,空格處缺失介詞,由句意“一個(gè)接一個(gè)”可知,one by one表示一個(gè)接一個(gè),需填介詞by。故填by。
【3】考查名詞。分析句子可知,介詞in后需接名詞,compare是動(dòng)詞,需轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~comparison, in comparison with 固定搭配,表示“和……比較起來(lái)”。故填comparison。
【4】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由“In February”可知,動(dòng)詞spend發(fā)生在過(guò)去時(shí)間,需使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)spent。故填spent。
【5】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在過(guò)去的兩個(gè)月里,隨著禁令的解除,外出在長(zhǎng)江沿岸的公園吸收陽(yáng)光和新鮮空氣的家庭數(shù)量在增長(zhǎng)。由句意可知,“外出在長(zhǎng)江沿岸的公園吸收陽(yáng)光和新鮮空氣的家庭數(shù)量在增長(zhǎng)”表示的是一種目前狀況的介紹,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示,主語(yǔ)“growing numbers of families”家人增長(zhǎng)數(shù)表示的是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需體現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù),故為are。此外,“During the past two months”表示的是過(guò)去一段時(shí)間一直到現(xiàn)在都是這樣的狀況,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示,故為have been。故填have been或are。
【6】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,動(dòng)詞chat在句中作狀語(yǔ),是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)部分“have started gathering”已經(jīng)開始聚集的目的的說(shuō)明,需用動(dòng)詞不定式 to chat。故填to chat。
【7】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,動(dòng)詞set在句中作狀語(yǔ),和主語(yǔ)“More shops”直接按是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,需使用現(xiàn)在分詞setting。故填setting。
【8】考查形容詞。分析句子可知,be動(dòng)詞后要接形容詞,caution是名詞,需轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾稳菰~cautious,be cautious about是固定搭配,表示“謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待”。故填cautious。
【9】考查名詞。句意:在武漢的公司在叫回他們的員工們方面是謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待的,這對(duì)這個(gè)城市生活的復(fù)蘇做出了貢獻(xiàn)。分析句子可知,形容詞性物主代詞their后面要接名詞,employ是動(dòng)詞,需轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~,根據(jù)句意表達(dá)的是員工們,故為employees。故填employees。
【10】考查冠詞。句意:但是對(duì)于這個(gè)城市來(lái)說(shuō),去平衡疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)仍然是一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。分析句子可知,此處泛指“一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)”,應(yīng)使用不定冠詞,tough是以輔音音素開頭的詞,需用不定冠詞a。故填a。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞題型的考核,學(xué)生首先要先判斷動(dòng)詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞,然后判斷?dòng)詞和相關(guān)的名詞之間是否是主動(dòng),被動(dòng),完成,未完成或目的等關(guān)系。如本小題6,動(dòng)詞chat在句中作狀語(yǔ),是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)部分“have started gathering”已經(jīng)開始聚集的目的說(shuō)明,需用動(dòng)詞不定式 to chat,故填to chat。
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