A successful scientist is generally a good observer.  He makes full 36  of the facts he observes.  He doesn’t accept ideas which are not  37   on obvious facts,  and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only   38   for truth.  He always  39    ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.

The rise of    40    science may perhaps be considered to    41   as far back as the    42    of Roger Bacon,  the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,  who live    43    the years 1214 and 1292.  He was probably the first in the Middle    44    to suggest that we must learn science    45    observing and experimenting on the things around us,  and he himself    46   many important discoveries.

Galileo,  however,  who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642),  was the greatest of several great men,     47    in Italy,  France,  Germany,  or England,  began by    48    to show how many important    49    could be discovered by observation.  Before Galileo,  learned men believed that large bodies fell more    50    towards the earth than small ones,     51    Aristotle said so.  But Galileo,  going to the    52     of the leaning Tower of Pisa,  let fall two   53    stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.  It was Galileo’s    54    of going direct to Nature,  and proving our    55    and theories by experiment,  that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.

1.A.use                B.time           C.speed               D.trust

2.A.worked        B.based          C.lived                     D.written

3.A.reason        B.cause           C.advice               D.result

4.A.thinks          B.checks          C.has             D.learn

5.A.natural         B.physical         C.ancient          D.modern

6.A.date            B.keep           C.look                D.take

7.A.study           B.time            C.year                       D.birth

8.A.both                 B.each                           C.between                           D.among

9.A.Schools                 B.Ages                    C.Days                          D.Count

10.A.in                         B.with                          C.on                        D.by

11.A.did                 B.made                C.took                                   D.gave

12.A.who         B.when            C.that               D.where

13.A.ways         B.degrees       C.levels              D.chance

14.A.truths        B.problems       C.people            D.subjects

15.A.slowly       B.rapidly           C.lightly             D.heavily

16.A.although      B.because          C.when                        D.If

17.A.place                     B.foot                     C.top                                     D.ceiling

18.A.big                B.small                            C.equal                        D.unequal

19.A.spirit                      B.skill                     C.theory                      D.discovery

20.A.plans                      B.opinions       C.world          D. ability

 

【答案】

 

1.A

2.B

3.A

4.B

5.D

6.A

7.B

8.C

9.B

10.B

11.B

12.A

13.B

14.A

15.B

16.B

17.C

18.D

19.A

20.B

【解析】

試題分析:本文主要以某些科學(xué)家他們的做法為例來說明觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)在科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)中的重要性,科學(xué)真理必須以事實(shí)為根據(jù),必須通過實(shí)踐來檢驗(yàn)。

1.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. use 使用;B.time時(shí)間;C.speed速度;D. trust相信。make use of 利用;使用;make full use of 充分利用。根據(jù)A successful scientist is generally a good observer.他充分利用他觀察到的任何事實(shí),故選A。

2.考查動(dòng)詞及語境的理解。A. worked 工作;B.based基礎(chǔ);C.lived 居;D.written寫。be based on/upon 以……為基礎(chǔ);基于…….根據(jù)He makes full 36 of the facts he observes.他不能接受不以事實(shí)為依據(jù)(be based on/upon)的觀點(diǎn),故選B。

3.考查名詞及語境的理解。A.  reason原因; B.cause原因;C.advice建議;D.result結(jié)果。reason 能夠?qū)σ粋(gè)事物的發(fā)生或它的性質(zhì)作出解釋的東西;它與for連用;cause 是導(dǎo)致一個(gè)事物發(fā)生的條件或原因。它與 of連用.根據(jù)句子意思,是指“不能接受某種權(quán)威來說明真理的合法性”,應(yīng)用reason。故選A。

4.考查動(dòng)詞及語境的理解。A. thinks認(rèn)為;B.checks 檢查;C.has 有;D.learn學(xué)會(huì)。check. v. 證明無誤, 核對(duì)無誤。意思最恰當(dāng)。他總是要檢查一下這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)并且做很多實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明它,故選B。

5.考查形容詞及語境的理解。A. natural 自然的;B.physical 物理的;C.ancient古代的;D.modern現(xiàn)代的。根據(jù)最后一句話中has led to all the discoveries of modern science. 的modern science“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)”,此處選modern意思最恰當(dāng)。故選D。

6.考查動(dòng)詞及語境的理解。 A. date日期;date back 詞組,意為“回溯至”。 B.keep 保持;C.look 看;D.take拿,F(xiàn)代科學(xué)的時(shí)代最遠(yuǎn)能追溯到(date back)培根時(shí)代,故選A。

7.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. study 學(xué)習(xí);B.time n. 這里指“時(shí)代,年代”。 C. year 年;D.birth出生。現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的時(shí)代最遠(yuǎn)能追溯到(date back)培根時(shí)代(time),故選B。

8.考查代詞及語境的理解。A.  both        兩者都;B.each每個(gè);C.between與and連用,表示“在……和……之間”;D.among表示三者以上。培根生活在1214-1292期間,故選C。

9.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. Schools學(xué)校; B.Ages,The Middle Ages n.中世紀(jì);中古時(shí)代,專有名詞。C.Days天; D.Count計(jì)數(shù);他可能是中古時(shí)代(he Middle Ages)的第一個(gè)讓我們通過對(duì)我們周圍事物的觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來學(xué)科學(xué),故選B。

10.考查介詞及語境的理解。by + doing 表示“通過做……(的途徑)”,慣用法;with + sth 表示“用……(來做……)”。他可能是中古時(shí)代的第一個(gè)讓我們通過對(duì)我們周圍事物的觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來學(xué)科學(xué),故選B。

11.考查動(dòng)詞及語境的理解。make, do 與名詞有固定搭配關(guān)系:do + one’s best / one’s duty / sb a favour / harm / good /…;make + a discovery / an appointment / arrangements / a bed / a change / a decision…這里是make discoveries他自己有了很大的發(fā)現(xiàn),故選B。

12.考查連詞及語境的理解。 A. who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾 great men ; B.when在定語從句中只能作狀語;C.that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句; D.where在定語從句中只能作狀語;根據(jù)句意故選 A。

13.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. ways 方法; B.degrees, by degrees 詞組,相當(dāng)于副詞,意為:逐漸地。C.levels 水平;D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。伽利略逐漸地顯示出通過觀察而得到的事實(shí)是多么地重要,故選B。

14.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. truths 事實(shí); B.problems問題;C. people人們; D. subjects學(xué)科。根據(jù)上文意思,He doesn’t accept ideas which are not on obvious facts應(yīng)為:truths. 事實(shí), 真理, 原理,故選A。

15.考查副詞及語境的理解。 A. slowly慢慢地; B.rapidly迅速地; C.lightly輕輕地; D.heavily重重地。rapidly. adv. 快,迅速地。意思最恰當(dāng)。根據(jù)常識(shí)在伽利略以前有學(xué)問的科學(xué)家都認(rèn)為大的物體比小的物體落地要快,故選B。

16.考查連詞及語境的理解。A.  although 盡管; B.because因?yàn)椋?C.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候; D.If如果。根據(jù)句子意思,應(yīng)為because conj. 因?yàn)樵谫だ砸郧坝袑W(xué)問的科學(xué)家都認(rèn)為大的物體比小的物體落地要快,因?yàn)閬喞锸慷嗟率沁@樣說的,故選 B。

17.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A.  place地方; B. foot腳; C. top頂部;D. ceiling天花板。根據(jù)常識(shí)但是伽利略走到比薩的斜塔的頂部,拿著兩個(gè)不等重量的石頭,要證明亞里士多德是錯(cuò)誤的,故選C。

18.考查形容詞及語境的理解。A. big大的;B. small小的; C. equal相等的;D.unequal不等的。根據(jù)上文Before Galileo,  learned men believed that large bodies fell more         towards the earth than small ones, Aristotle said so. 可知他必須拿著不同大小的球做實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明,故選D。

19.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. spirit精神; B. skill 技術(shù); C. theory 理論;D. discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)。spirit of going direct to Nature對(duì)自然不斷探索的精神。 science spirit 科學(xué)精神;world spirit時(shí)代精神, 世界潮流。根據(jù)上文可知伽利略對(duì)自然不斷探索的精神,故選A。

20.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. plans計(jì)劃; B. opinions         意為“觀點(diǎn)”,“通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明我們的觀點(diǎn)和理論”。 C. world世界; D. ability 能力。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來證明我們的觀點(diǎn)和理論,從而導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的出現(xiàn),故選B。 

考點(diǎn):科普類短文。

 

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