9.How the Grand Canyon (大峽谷) was created remains one of the geology's greatest mysteries.Some evidence suggests that the process was a gradual one in which the Colorado River (which runs through the canyon) slowly cut deeper and deeper into the ground over millions of years.But volcanic rock samples taken from the canyon now suggest that the canyon was down-cut instead.
Down-cutting is when a flood of water rushes over a landscape (地形) with enough force to cut deeply into the ground and leaves behind a canyon.Such a flood is usually released when a natural or man-made dam (堤壩) bursts.
Robert Webb,a research geologist,says natural dams seem to have formed and broken across the Colorado River several times during the last million years.The dams were built when lava(熔巖) from the eruptions of nearby volcanoes flowed into the river.The lava hardened into hard rocks and blocked the river,causing it to back up and form a lake.Each time the lake grew so huge that it broke the rock dam,releasing a flash flood that furthered the down-cutting process and deepened the canyon.
Down-cutting is not just an earthly event.Satellite photos sent back from Mars suggest that the process has happened there,too,say many other researchers.
The photos,taken by the Mars Global Surveyor,indicate that an enormous lake existed on Mars 3.5billion years ago.The lake spilled into a large nearby hole.One edge of the hole broke,releasing a flash flood that quickly carved out a grand canyon.
The existence of down-cutting on Mars is just one more piece of evidence that the cold,dry planet was once warm and wet.
24.In the past,deep canyons were believed to have formedB.
A.a(chǎn)s a result of a sudden break of volcanoe
B.due to river flows over millions of years
C.owing to the burst of artificial dams
D.thanks to our ancestors'creative work
25.According to the passage,which of the following statements is TURE?B
A.Several volcanoes broke out on Mars directly creating grand canyons.
B.Several great lakes existed on the upper parts of the Colorado River.
C.People built high dams on the upper parts of the Colorado River.
D.The Colorado River crossed the Grand Canyon to form down-cutting.
26.From the last three paragraphs we learn thatD.
A.there are great lakes on Mars
B.there are active volcanoes on Mars
C.there might be cities on Mars
D.there might be life on Mars
27.The passage can be titled asD.
A.Lakes on Earth and Mars
B.The Cause of Lake Formation
C.The Force of Dam Breaking
D.Canyons-Results of Flood Cutting.
分析 和以往人們的想法不同的是,這篇文章的作者認(rèn)為大峽谷的形成是洪水下切侵蝕造成的,主要是上游的湖泊泛濫強大的力量造成了峽谷,文章還介紹在火星也有這種現(xiàn)象.
解答 24.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題:從文章第一段的句子:Some evidence suggests that the process was a gradual one in which the Colorado River (which runs through the canyon) slowly cut deeper and deeper into the ground over millions of years.可知過去深深的峽谷據(jù)相信是由于多年的河流造成的,故選B.
25.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題:從文章第三段的句子:The lava hardened into hard rocks and blocked the river,causing it to back up and form a lake.可知在Colorado 河的上游有幾個大湖,故選B.
26.D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題:從文章最后一段的句子:The existence of down-cutting on Mars is just one more piece of evidence that the cold,dry planet was once warm and wet.可知在火星上可能有生命,故選D.
27.D.標(biāo)題確定題:從文章的內(nèi)容和第二段的句子:Down-cutting is when a flood of water rushes over a landscape (地形) with enough force to cut deeply into the ground and leaves behind a canyon.可知這篇文章講的是峽谷是由洪水下切侵蝕造成的,故選D.
點評 本文為人文地理類閱讀的科普文,此類文章一般語言簡潔,閱讀時一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息,并運用這些信息去解決問題.因此對題干的理解尤為重要.閱讀要注意文中具體細(xì)節(jié)的把握與理解,弄清作者所傳達(dá)的實際信息及表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容.閱讀時采取速讀與精讀相結(jié)合的方法,力求快速精確地查出試題所設(shè)置的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容.