15．The more time scientists spend designing computers，the more they wonder at human brain．Tasks that puzzle the most advanced supercomputer-recognizing a face，reading a handwritten note-are just child's play for the 3-pound organ（器官）．Most important，unlike any ordinary computer，the brain can learn from its mistakes．Researchers have tried for years to program computers to imitate the brain's abilities，but without success．
Now a growing number of designers believe they have the answer：if a computer is to work more like a person and less like an over-grown calculator，it must be built more like a brain，which distributes information across a vast interconnected web of nerve cells or neurons．
Ordinary computers work by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions．Although very fast，their processors can perform only one task at a time．This approach works best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces．The processors in a neural-network computer，by contrast，form a network much like the nerve cells in the brain．Since these artificial neurons are interconnected，they can share information and perform tasks at the same time．This two-dimensional approach works best at recognizing patterns．
Instead of programming a neural-network computer to make decisions，its maker trains it to recognize patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples to the machine．Neural networks come in all shapes and sizes．Until now most existed as software simulatio ns （模擬品） because redesigning computer chips took a lot of time and money．By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware，scientists have been able to avoid costly （昂貴的） mistakes．
56．It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that the most advanced supercomputerD．
A．can recognize a face and read a handwritten note
B．can learn from its mistakes
C．weighs only 3 pounds
D．can't distribute information across an interconnected web of nerve cells
57．An ordinary computer can usually do the following except thatD．
A．it must be programmed before it works
B．it can only solve one problem at a time
C．it is good at solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces
D．it is trained to make decisions
58．The main feature of a neural-network computer is thatA．
A．its processors act as an interconnected web of neurons
B．it is programmed to make decisions
C．its networks are of all shapes and sizes
D．its neurons are artificial
59．What does"this two-dimensional approach"in the third paragraph refer to？C
A．the conventional computer and the neural computer．
B．making decisions and recognizing patterns．
C．sharing information and performing tasks．
D．the computer and the human brain．
60．Scientists use software rather than hardware in their experiments becauseB．
A．it can avoid redesigning computer chips
B．it can save a lot of time and money
C．it can avoid making mistakes
D．it is more like the human brain．
分析 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，主要介紹了一種不同于普通電腦的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)電腦．
解答 56-60．DDACB
56題答案：D考查細(xì)節(jié)推理，根據(jù)第二段最后一句it must be built more like a brain，which distributes information across a vast interconnected web of nerve cells or neurons．它（超級(jí)電腦）應(yīng)該被做得更像人腦--人腦可以在一張巨大的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞或神經(jīng)元互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中分配信息．可知目前超級(jí)電腦還無法做到這一點(diǎn)，故本題答案為D選項(xiàng)．
57題答案：D考查細(xì)節(jié)推理，根據(jù)文章第三段的Ordinary computers work by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions．Although very fast，their processors can perform only one task at a time．This approach works best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces．普通電腦是按照鏈條順序式的詳細(xì)指示工作．雖然很快，但是一次只能處理一個(gè)任務(wù)．這種方法在解決那些能夠被分解為簡單邏輯碎片的問題時(shí)表現(xiàn)最佳．可知A、B、C選項(xiàng)都有提及，故本題答案為D選項(xiàng)．
58題答案：A考查細(xì)節(jié)推理，根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的The processors in a neural-network computer，by contrast，form a network much like the nerve cells in the brain．相比之下，神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)電腦中的處理器形成了一張很像大腦中的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞網(wǎng)絡(luò)．故本題答案為A選項(xiàng)．
59題答案：C考查細(xì)節(jié)推理，根據(jù)前面的Since these artificial neurons are interconnected，they can share information and perform tasks at the same time．因?yàn)檫@些人造的神經(jīng)元是互聯(lián)的，所以它們能夠同時(shí)分享信息和執(zhí)行任務(wù)．故本題答案為C選項(xiàng)．
60題答案：B考查細(xì)節(jié)推理，By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware，scientists have been able to avoid costly （昂貴的） mistakes．通過使用軟件而不是硬件來進(jìn)行各種不同的試驗(yàn)方法，科學(xué)家能夠避免昂貴的錯(cuò)誤．可知本題答案為B選項(xiàng)．
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì) 性找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案．推理判斷也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確的答案．
