Many people are aware of the beauty of a solar eclipse (日食), but are surprised to learn that lunar eclipses are often just as impressive. While total solar eclipse lasts only for a few minutes and can be seen only in a small area of a few kilometers, total lunar eclipse can last for several hours and can be seen over much of the planet. In fact, the beauty and stability of lunar eclipses make them a favorite of both amateur and professional photographers.
Lunar eclipses generally occur two or three times a year, and are possible only when the Moon is full. When we see the Moon, we are actually seeing sunlight reflected off the surface of the Moon When the Earth is positioned in between the Moon and the Sun, however, the Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, and a lunar eclipse occurs.
The type of lunar eclipse - total, partial, or penumbral (半影) - that occurs depends both on how much of the Moon passes through the Earth's shadow and through which part of the shadow it passes. A penumbral eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's outer shadow. This type of eclipse is brief and frequently goes unobserved by all but astronomers. By contrast, total and partial eclipses occur when all or part, respectively, of the Moon passes through the umbra（本影） shadow of the Earth. These eclipses are quite easy to see and are widely observed.
Unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to watch. Solar radiation that occurs during an eclipse of the Sun can cause a form of burns of one's eyes known as eclipse blindness. In fact, the only way to safely view a solar eclipse is by using specially designed equipment. However, since the Moon's light is reflected sunlight, it is completely safe to watch a lunar eclipse without any special equipment, although a pair of binoculars can certainly help the viewer appreciate the beauty of this phenomenon
小題1:The underlined word "stability " most probably means_______.
A．strengthB．positionC．steadinessD．visibility
小題2:According to the passage, a partial lunar eclipse occurs________.
A．when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth
B．when all of the Moon passes through the Earth's umbra shadow
C．when only a part of the Moon passes through the Earth's outer shadow
D．when only a part of the Moon passes through the Earth's umbra shadow
小題3:The passage implies that penumbral eclipses are________.
A．longer-lasting than most solar eclipses
B．more common than partial or full lunar eclipse
C．the result of the shadow cast by the Moon onto the Earth
D．more difficult to observe than other types of lunar eclipse
小題4:According to the passage, it is safe to watch a lunar eclipse, unlike a solar eclipse, because ________.
A．moonlight is less strong than sunlight
B．a(chǎn) lunar eclipse is briefer than a solar eclipse
C．a(chǎn) lunar eclipse lasts much longer than a solar eclipse
D．special equipment can be employed to view a lunar eclipse

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:D
小題4:A

試題分析：
本文介紹了月食發(fā)生的條件、月食的類型和觀看。月食只能在滿月時(shí)發(fā)生，有月全食、月偏食和半影月食三種情形：月全食指月球全部進(jìn)入地球本影，月偏食指月球部分進(jìn)入地球本影，半影月食指月球離地球較遠(yuǎn)、只是從地球本影最外緣掠過；觀看月食是完全安全的，無需設(shè)備。
小題1:詞義推斷題。第一段…total lunar eclipse can last for several hours and can be seen over much of the planet.說的是月全食時(shí)間上的持久性和可見區(qū)域的廣闊性。這種特性使其成為專業(yè)攝影師和業(yè)余攝影愛好者的最愛。stability指的是月全食在時(shí)間上的持久穩(wěn)定，詞義與steadiness相近，故C項(xiàng)正確。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題。如出現(xiàn)A項(xiàng)描述的情況，會(huì)發(fā)生日食；B項(xiàng)情況出現(xiàn)會(huì)發(fā)生月全食；C項(xiàng)情況出現(xiàn)發(fā)生半影月食，即月球從地球本影外緣經(jīng)過，此時(shí)月球光線略略變暗，很難被人注意。由第三段…total and partial eclipses occur when all or part, respectively, of the Moon passes through the umbra shadow of the Earth. 可知，月球全部進(jìn)入地球本影發(fā)生月全食，部分進(jìn)入地球本影發(fā)生月偏食。故D項(xiàng)正確。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題。由A penumbral eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's outer shadow. This type of eclipse is brief and frequently goes unobserved by all but astronomers.可知，半影月食時(shí)間短，經(jīng)常不為人注意。故選擇D項(xiàng)。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題。最后一段…since the Moon's light is reflected sunlight, it is completely safe to watch a lunar eclipse without any special equipment告訴我們，月光是太陽(yáng)光的折射，所以觀察月食是絕對(duì)安全的。原因只能是月光比太陽(yáng)光線弱。選擇A項(xiàng)。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

BEIJING - By the end of 2011 China-made supercomputers will say goodbye to foreign microchips（微芯片） and start using their own "Chinese core(核心)", according to one of the country's leading scientists, Hu Weiwu.
Hu told reporters on Saturday that the "Dawning 6000" supercomputer, developed by the Institute of Computing Technology of CAS and the Dawning Information Industry Company (DIIC), will adopt Loongson microchips for the first time as its core parts. It will have a computing speed of more than 1,000 trillion operations a second.
Making supercomputers with Chinese microchips is one of the nation's major science and technology projects. Three organizations - the Institute of Computing Technology of CAS, Jiangnan Institute of Computing Technology and the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) - have their own supercomputer projects.
According to their schedules, all three institutions will need to meet the target of using domestically（國(guó)內(nèi)的） developed microchips by the end of this year. Hu said the new supercomputer will use fewer than 10,000 Loongson microchips, and will also be more energy-efficient.
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Hu said there will be difficulties ahead as there is little affiliated equipment specially developed for these supercomputers. "We have enough supercomputers in China but still can't make full use of them," He said.
Hu added that although the China-made CPUs have improved since they were first produced in 2002, they have a long way to go to compete with US chip-makers such as Intel.
小題1:What’s the best title for this passage?
A．The Arrival of Chinese Supercomputers
B．Homemade CPUs with a Long Way to Go
C．The Supercomputers of Three Organizations in China
D．Homemade CPUs on the Way for Local Supercomputers
小題2:What will raise the speed to more than 1,000 trillion operations a second.?
A．Dawning 6000B．Loongson microchips
C．DIICD．Tianhe-1A
小題3:What do we know about Tianhe-1A?
A. Not all the parts of Tianhe-1A are made by China.
B. Tianhe-1A is developed by CAS and DIIC.
C. Tianhe-1A will use fewer than 10,000 Loongson microchips.
D. NUDT has produced a most powerful supercomputer in China.
小題4:The underlined word “affiliated” can be replaced by_______.
A．cheapB．suitableC．expensiveD．modern

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

All across California, honeybees are flying away from their hives(蜂箱) and dying. Empty hives are causing a lot of worry about some important food crops.
Bees give us a lot more than delicious honey. They are pollinators（授粉者）—they enable plants to produce the fruits and nuts we enjoy by carrying pollen from one plant or flower to the next. The wind pollinates oats, corn, and wheat, but many other plants (like apple and cherry trees and melon vines) depend on insects, bats, and birds. In the U.S., millions and millions of bees kept by human beekeepers fly around doing a lot of this important work for food crops. “Bees are worth protecting because their work adds so much to our diet,” says Dr. Jeff Pettis of the Bee Research Laboratory.
California’s almond (杏仁) crop alone depends on about half the bees in the country. But now the almond crop and many others could be in trouble with so many bees dying.
Researchers at government and university labs all over the country are trying to figure out why so many bees are dying. However, bees are hard to study. Most die away from the hive, so researchers don’t have dead bodies to examine. And when researchers return to a hive after two weeks, about half the bees they studied on their first visit will be dead, replaced by new ones in the natural life cycle of bees. “It isn’t like studying a large animal like a cow that doesn’t move around much and is easy to find out in the cow field,” says Pettis.
Researchers have some ideas about what could be affecting bee health. They could be sick from poisons widely used to kill insects, or they might not be getting enough good food to stay strong. Also, tiny insects called mites feed on bees. “A virus or bacteria could also be doing the killing.” explains Pettis.
小題1:What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The wind helps pollinate.
B．Bees are important in food crops.
C．Bees give us a lot of delicious honey.
D．Cherry trees are pollinated by bees.
小題2:Bees are hard to study because ____________.
A．they move around too much
B．new bees soon replace all the bees studied by researchers
C．they are too tiny
D．they never return to hives
小題3:What could cause so many bees to die?
A．Poisons to kill birds.B．Eating too much.
C．Large insects.D．Some virus.
小題4:What can we learn from the article?
A．A large number of bees have died in the hive.
B．Without bees, some foods would disappear from our diet.
C．Only researchers in California want to know what kills bees.
D．Large animals are easier to study than tiny insects.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I got tired of living the life that everybody told me I “should” be living, so one day I decided to start living life in my own ways. Frustrated（挫�。﹚ith my job, I came home, put on my shoes, and just started running. It felt so good to be free. That first day I ended up running 30 miles without stopping. Yes, I had rediscovered my old passion ( 酷愛的事物) — and it felt so good that I set a goal to support myself and my family from my running alone.
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I completed that goal one year ago, and it felt great! But for me, life is not all about achieving goals. Sure, it feels good to succeed, but the greatest reward for me was learning more about myself and what I was able to do.
Only by stepping out into the unknown and stretching(使傾注全力) ourselves can we really discover what our true potential(潛能) is。
小題1:Which played an important role in the author’s success?
A．Setting goalsB．Learning from others.
C．Being honestD．Keeping on reading .
小題2:According to Paragraph 3, before achieving the goals the author felt _____________
A．very gratefulB．not quite confident
C．quite afraidD．not very satisfied
小題3:What does the underlined part “that goal” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Win the Badwater Ultra-Marathon.
B．Run a marathon to the South Pole.
C．Run fifty marathons, in fifty states, in fifty days.
D．Run a 135-mile ultra-marathon across Death Valley.
小題4:The author probably agrees that____________.
A．life means achieving goals
B．success is the greatest reward
C．sports help develop our potential
D．everyone may have great potential.

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It is known to us that computer users are being warned by industry experts to pay attention to secret codes which could be used to record their conversation.
E-mails, screen savers, and electronic greeting cards can carry a secret code which is able to turn on the computer’s microphone, make a recording, and forward it to someone else without the user’s knowledge.
In fact any attachments (附件) sent to a computer, whether it is a game of Space Invaders, or a moving picture, can possibly be used to spy (窺探).
Experts say people should always think twice about opening attachments because --- although not common --- bugging (竊聽) by computer can and has been done.
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A．Use secret codes to record other people’s conversation.
B．Be careful when opening an attachment.
C．Never open any attachments.
D．Never use secret codes.
小題2:What worries the experts is that ___ .
A．nobody seems to believe such things
B．nobody knows the danger of the code
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D．effective ways can never be found to deal with the problem.
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B．Electronic greeting cards cannot carry a secret code.
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D．Any attachments sent to a computer may carry a secret code.

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Life on Mars could become a reality and it could happen in your lifetime.
A welcoming planet
Scientists say Earth’s neighbor Mars, a bright red planet about half Earth’s size, is the most likely to support human life. Mars even has frozen water on its surface.
Since the late 1990s, NASA has been exploring Mars using remote-controlled vehicles（裝置）. Most recently Curiosity, a car-size vehicle, traveled through space on an unpiloted spacecraft(航天器) and landed on Mars in August 2012. Directed by NASA scientists , the vehicles move on the surface, taking pictures , collecting and analyzing soil, and looking for signs of life.
But what about human explorers? Plans are already in the works to send astronauts to Mars as soon as the mid-2030s.
_____________________________________
But before you start packing your bags, let’s consider the challenges. For starters, Mars is far away. Just getting there could take up to 10 months.
Scientists already know that time away from Earth’s gravity harms the human body. Bones and muscles get weaker. The body produces less blood. What damage would months and months of living in space do?
And then there is the matter of water, oxygen, food and fuel. Scientists will have to find solutions to these problems, or the first humans on Mars won’t survive very long in their new home.
Tiny Dangers
There’s another tinier risk. It’s so tiny that you can’t even see it: germs.
Some scientists believe that our germs could pollute the whole planet of Mars. Potentially killing Martian life before we have the chance to discover it. Worse, there is a small but terrifying chance that any microscopic life already there might be harmful to us .
Worse still, if any of those Martian germs(火星細(xì)菌) were brought back to Earth, the result could be disastrous. Animals, plants, and people could be wiped out.
Worth the $$$?
A more practical concern is the cost. The price could approach $ 1 trillion(萬億). How can we justify spending that much when so many problems—poverty, disease—could use the cash here on Earth?
小題1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the “A welcoming planet” part?
A．Mars is a little bigger than Earth.
B．There are flowing rivers on Mars.
C．People haven’t been to Mars so far.
D．Scientists have discovered signs of life on Mars.
小題2:Which of the following can best fill in the blank in the passage?
A．Living in space.B．Limited resources.
C．Extreme conditions.D．Interesting challenges.
小題3:By “Tiny dangers” the author means ________________.
A．there is no serious danger
B．people won’t be in any danger
C．it’s difficult for people to realize the danger
D．the danger may be caused by very small things
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A．Martian germs may be different from those on Earth.
B．Martian germs may be brought back to Earth.
C．People may carry germs to Mars.
D．There may be germs on Mars.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Julie was preparing for a trip when her phone slipped into a sink full of water. Panic moment! She quickly picked up the wet phone and tried to turn it on, but nothing worked. Her first reaction? She got dressed, drove to the nearest store, and bought a new model at full price.
A new study finds that fear of losing your phone is a common illness. About 66 percent of those surveyed suffer from nomophobia or “no mobile phone phobia”. Interestingly, more women worry about losing their phone than men.
Fortunately, there’s a solution.
The first step is to figure out if you have nomophobia. Checking your phone too often is one thing, but the true sign of a problem is that you can’t conduct business or go about your routine when the fear becomes so severe.
Do you go to unusual lengths to make sure you have your phone? That’s another sign of a problem. If you find you check your phone plenty of times per hour, or a total of an hour per day, there may be a problem.
Some of the treatments are similar to those for treating anxiety attacks: Leaving the phone behind and not checking e-mail or text messages, and then learning to tolerate the after anxiety. Even if this leads to a high level of worry and stress, the solution is to push through the fear and learn to deal with not having your phone. 
Of course, there are also technological alternatives. Luis Levy, a co-founder at Novy PR, says he uses an application called Cerberus that can automatically track the location of his phone. To find it, he can just go to a Web site and see the phone’s location.
He also insures his phone through a service called Asurion. The company’s description of its product reads like a prescription for anxiety: “60 million phones are lost, stolen or damaged each year. You’ll have complete peace of mind knowing that your phone is protected and you can quickly reconnect with family, friends and work, as soon as the very next day!”
小題1:Why does the author mention Kelly’s experience in the first paragraph?
A．To inform us that mobile phones are useful.
B．To introduce the topic for discussion.
C．To warn us that we should be careful.
D．To tell us we should get phones ready for a trip.
小題2:The underlined word “nomophobia” in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A．Fear of losing mobile phones.
B．Habits of using mobile phones
C．Eagerness for new mobile phones.
D．Independence of mobile phones.
小題3:Which of the following is a way to treat nomophobia?
A．Avoiding using phone for some time
B．Learning more about modern technology.
C．Protecting one’s phone against any damage.
D．Not using a mobile phone in one’s daily work.
小題4:Why can the service called Asurion help to treat nomophobia?
A．It lets you know other people also lose their phones.
B．It will give you a new phone through insurance.
C．It enables you to reconnect with your acquaintance.
D．It gives you a prescription to treat nomophobia.
小題5: What is the passage mainly about?
A．Solutions to nomophobia.B．New mobile phone technology.
C．Disadvantages of mobile phone.D．Attitude toward mobile phone.

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When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we’re hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all-time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.
One cost-cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor’s degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there’s a question: Would the quality of undergraduate(本科生)education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a “three-year degree” model.
I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three-year curriculum(課程) any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits(學(xué)分). In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out” one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist “diluting(稀釋)” the quality of the education they offer.
In my opinion, a quality four-year education is always superior to a quality three-year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it’s not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns(實(shí)習(xí)生)in meaningful part-time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five-year co-op program at Northeastern University.
小題1:The first paragraph serves as a(n)________．
A．explanationB．definitionC．introductionD．comment
小題2:We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．most American universities are against the “three-year degree” model
B．many famous US universities are considering adopting the “three-year degree” model
C．professors are willing to accept the “three-year degree” model
D．the “three-year degree” model can make college learning more efficient
小題3:In most US universities，________.
A．college students are offered the co-op program
B．electives’ credits make up one quarter of the required credits
C．a(chǎn)ll students are required to finish four-year education before graduation
D．some excellent students can graduate ahead of time
小題4:We can infer that________.
A．the author is a college professor
B．the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to afford
C．the author considers the university education quality very important
D．the author pays special attention to the all-round development of college students
小題5:Which of the following can be the best title?
A．It’s time to shorten the learning process
B．Best learning takes place over time
C．University education should be watered down
D．College education calls for reform

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do you know mulch? Mulch is a protective cover of material that is spread on top of soil. It is usually made out of organic material, like crop waste. Farmers may keep the remains of corn or other crops on top of the soil. This creates mulch on the soil surface. The plant remains help protect the soil against wind and water damage. Mulching is one of the best things people can do for their plants. It also helps keep the soil from getting dry, and reduces the need for watering plants. It also limits temperature changes in the soil. And it stops unwanted plants, or weeds, from growing.
Organic mulch improves the condition of soil. As the mulch breaks down, it provides material which keeps the soil from getting hard. This improves the growth of roots and increases the movement of water through the soil. It also improves the ability of the soil to hold water. Organic mulch contains nutrients for plants. It also provides good environment for earthworms and other helpful living things in the soil.
It is easy to find organic mulch materials. Cut-up leaves and small pieces of tree bark can be used. Grass cuttings are also a good mulch for plants. Mulch from news- papers works well in controlling weeds.
The best time to add mulch depends on your goal. Mulch provides a thick barrier between the soil and the air. This helps to reduce temperature changes in the soil. As a result, mulched soil will be cooler than other soil in the summer. In winter, the mulched soil may not freeze as deeply as other soil. The best time is after the ground has frozen, but before the coldest weather arrives. Spreading mulch before the ground has frozen may attract small animals searching for a warm place to spend the winter. Delaying the spreading should prevent this problem. The animals will probably find another place to live.
小題1:The author tells us the following EXCEPT ______.
A．what mulch is and its advantages
B．the best time to add mulch
C．the bad effects of mulch
D．what can be mulch on the soil surface
小題2: The following can be used as organic materials to make mulch EXCEPT ______.
A．tree barksB．plasticC．grass cuttingsD．cut-up leaves
小題3: The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that organic mulch can ______.
A．improve the condition of soil
B．improve the ability of the soil to hold water
C．provide a good environment for earthworms
D．improve the growth of roots and increase the movement of water through the soil
小題4: From the last paragraph, we know ______.
A．the best time to add mulch is in spring and summer
B．the best time to add mulch is after the coldest weather arrives
C．the best time to add mulch is exactly the same time of each year
D．choosing the best time to add mulch can avoid attracting small animals

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