2009年高中英語150組常用詞語辨析
1.falling,
fallen
falling 意為“正在下落的”
fallen 意為“已經(jīng)落地的”
如:The wind blew the fallen leaves off the ground.風把落葉從地面上刮起。
2.believe,
trust
believe 意為“相信某人所說的話”
trust 指相信某人的品德、為人、能力等
如:I
believe you.我相信你所說的話。
I trust you.我信任你。(I believe in you.)
3.can't,
mustn't
can't 用于情態(tài)動詞表推測,表示“一定不能”
mustn't 意為“一定不要,千萬不要”表“禁止”
如:The
man you saw at the airport cannot be Tom.He is with me now.你在機場見到的那個人一定不是湯姆。他現(xiàn)在和我在一起。
You mustn't play on the road.It's dangerous.你千萬不要在路上玩。太危險了。
4.famous,
well-known
famous和well-known都意為“著名的,聞名的”,二者可以通用,
如:He
is famous/well-known for his singing as a singer to people all over the world.但是famous后不可接從句,而well-known可以。
如:It's
well-known that China is a developing country.眾所周知,中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。
5.little,
small
二者均意為“小”,但是small指在客觀上,數(shù)量、大小等是小的,而little則有“小而可愛的”之意。
如:a
small/little bird, 但是a small test, a small number of
students
6.unable,
disabled
unable 意為“不能的”
disabled 意為“傷殘的,有殘疾的”
如:She
tried to smile but seemed unable.她試圖微笑,但似乎辦不到。
a
disabled soldier 傷殘軍人
7.a(chǎn)shamed,
shameful
ashamed 意為“感到羞恥,覺得慚愧,不好意思”表示主語主觀認為是可恥的。
如:He
was ashamed of being unable to answer the question.他因為不能回答那個問題而感到羞愧。
shameful 表示事物本身的客觀性質(zhì)是“可恥的”
如:To
steal money from a blind person is a shameful act.偷盲人的錢是可恥的行為。
8.paper, newspaper
paper 意為“紙”時是不可數(shù)名詞,作“論文、試卷”解時是可數(shù)名詞,在口語中可以和newspaper互換
newspaper 意為“報紙”,是可數(shù)名詞
如:a
piece of paper, a newspaper
9.next,
next to
next 意為“下一”
next to 意為“緊挨,隔壁,僅次于,緊隨其后”等
如:I'll
go abroad next year.我明年出國。
New
York is the largest city next to London.紐約是僅次于倫敦的大城市。
10.a(chǎn)ffect,
effect
兩詞都有產(chǎn)生影響的意思,兩詞相應的名詞又都是effect, 但兩者有細微的差別。
affect作主語的詞一般是物,而不是人,指一物對另一物的客觀影響。
如:Smoking
affects health.吸煙對健康有害。
effect指蓄意的行為(或方法)產(chǎn)生預期效果,目的性明確,意為“產(chǎn)生、招致”。
如:
His deeds effected the desired result.他的行為達到了預期的效果。
11.a(chǎn)llow,
permit
二者均意為“允許”,后接 sb.to do, doing,二者常通用。但是permit不能和副詞連用,而allow可以。并且客觀條件許可用permit.
如:He
wouldn't allow me in.他不愿意讓我進去。
Weather
permitting, we'll go skating.如果天氣允許的話,我們就去滑冰。
12.a(chǎn)lone,
lone, lonely
alone=by
oneself, without others 可作形容詞,副詞,意為“獨自一人”,可作表語和賓補。
如:I
happened to be alone at home.我恰好一個人在家。
lone
形容詞,意為“孤獨的,孤零零的一個”,做定語。
如:In
that cloudy sky only one lone star could be seen.在那樣的陰天里,只能看到一顆孤零零的星星。
lonely
形容詞,意為“孤獨的,寂寞的”表示主觀上渴望有伴。若指地方,則有“人跡罕至的,荒涼的,偏僻的”之意,可作定語或表語。
如:He
was alone, but he didn't feel lonely.他獨自一人,但并不覺得寂寞。
13.a(chǎn)lthough,
though
二者均意為“雖然”,大部分情況下可通用,但是though可用作副詞,放在句尾,although不可這樣用。
如:
Although/Though he is poor, he is generous.
他雖然窮,但很慷慨。=He is poor.He is generous, though.
14.a(chǎn)lways,
often, usually
always=at
all times 意為“總是”,含“毫無例外”之意。
如:He
always stays at home in the evening.他晚上總是呆在家里。
often
指“經(jīng)常性”的動作
如:We
often watch TV in the evening.我們晚上常?措娨。
usually也可指“經(jīng)!钡膭幼,但側(cè)重從已形成“習慣”的角度來說明動作。
如:We
usually do some washing at the weekend.我們通常在周末洗衣服。
15.cap, hat
二者均意為“帽,帽子”,cap通常指無沿的帽,只前方有遮沿,如便帽,軍帽。hat通常指周圍有邊的帽,如禮帽,草帽。
16.neither,
none
二者均意為“都不”,但是neither表兩者都不,而none強調(diào)三者或三者以上都不。
如:None
of the three boys stayed there.
Neither
of the two boys stayed there.
17.can, may
二者均意為“許可,可能”,can可用于Can I…?
Can you…? 而may只能用于May I…?
18.clever,
bright, wise
clever
主要指“聰明,伶俐,機敏,熟練”等
如:He
is clever at making excuses.他善找借口。
bright
多用于指小孩的“聰明,伶俐”,也指好的建議或想法。
如:He
was a bright kid.他是一個聰明的孩子。
wise
指“英明,明智,有遠見”,常用于修飾偉人的遠見卓識,朋友的聰穎明智
如:It
was wise of you to keep your mouth shut.你保持沉默是明智的。
19.condition,
situation
condition
意為“條件,狀況,情況”,常側(cè)重于一定原因或條件造成的狀態(tài),如人的健康狀況,物的完好程度、設備的可用性等。
如:The
old man is in a dying condition.老人處于垂死的狀態(tài)中。
situation
指某一時間由各種情況造成的“處境,形勢”。
如:The
present situation calls for entirely new measures.目前的形勢要求采取全新的措施。
20.dangerous,
in danger
dangerous
意為“危險的”是形容詞,指句子的主語對別人有危害。
如:He
is a dangerous man.他是一個危險人物。
in
danger 意為“處于危險中”,指句子主語的處境。
如:He
is in danger of losing his job.他處于失業(yè)的危險中。
21.reach,
reach for
reach
意為“夠得到”,表結(jié)果
reach
for 意為“伸手去夠”,表動作
如:I
reached for the apple on the tree, but I couldn't reach it.我伸手去夠樹上的蘋果,但沒夠到。
22.dead,
dying, deadly
三者均為形容詞,dead意為“死了”,表示狀態(tài);dying意為“要死了”;deadly意為“致命的”。
如:a
dead dog 一條死狗 a dying dog 一條“瀕臨死亡”的狗
It
was a deadly shock to him.這對他來說是致命的打擊。
23.decide,
determine
decide
指經(jīng)過考慮或討論研究作出決定,后接不定式、介詞on/upon+(動)名詞或從句。
如:It
has been decided that museum shall not be open on Saturday.經(jīng)決定博物館星期六不開放。
determine
意為“決心,堅決”,后接不定式,側(cè)重于表示決心已下,任何力量都動搖不了,還可接on/upon+動名詞。
如:I
determined to give him a chance.我決定給他一次機會。
24.demand,
request, require
demand
主語是人時,表示堅決要求,堅持要做某事;主語是物時,指迫切需要。
如:The
workers are demanding better pay.工人們要求提高工資。
request
意為“懇求,請求”,指通過正式手續(xù)提出的要求,口氣和緩,態(tài)度禮貌。
如:You're
kindly requested to fasten your seatbelts.請各位系好安全帶。
require
表示按照法規(guī)、權(quán)利提出的要求或命令,指客觀需要,含“缺此不可”之意。
如:I've
done all that is required by the contract.我履行了合同所要求的每一件事。
25.desk,
table
desk
指有抽屜的供讀書、寫字或辦公用的“課桌,書桌,寫字臺”。
table
指用來專供吃飯、游戲、工作或其它用途的餐桌,桌子,通常沒有抽屜。
如:They're
cleaning the table.他們在收拾飯桌。
26.different,
various
二者均意為“不同的,各種各樣的”,different后可以接名詞單數(shù)或復數(shù),而various只能接復數(shù)。
如:a
different book, different books, various books
27.difficulty,
difficulties
difficulty
意為“困難,麻煩,費力,不容易”等時,是不可數(shù)名詞。
difficulties
是difficulty的復數(shù)形式,這里的difficulty表示具體的,實在的困難。
如:We
must overcome all kinds of difficulties.我們必須克服各種各樣的具體困難。
28.dinner,
meal
dinner
意為“正餐”,指一天中吃得比較好的或較豐盛的一頓飯,一般在中午或晚上吃。
meal
意為“飯,便飯”,是一日三餐(breakfast, lunch and supper) 的總稱。
如:We
have three meals a day.我們一天吃三頓飯。
29.direct,
directly
direct
表示“直接地,不繞圈子地”,常指“空間,距離”等,如行程中的中途不停頓、不繞道和其他的間接活動。
directly
表示“直接地”和“間接地”相對應;指時間時,意為“立刻,馬上”
如:He
drove directly to school.他立即開車去學校。
He
drove direct to school.他駕車一直開到學校。(含沒有因故繞行之意)
30.discover,
uncover
discover
指發(fā)現(xiàn)某種本來存在,但以前未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物或未為人所知的東西。
uncover
表示“揭去,揭開(套子,蓋子等)”
如:Gilbert
discovered electricity.Gilbert發(fā)現(xiàn)了電。
He
uncovered his head.他脫下帽子。
31.door,
gate
door
意為“門,通道”,指由建筑物內(nèi)通往戶外的門,或建筑物內(nèi)部一室通向另一室的門。
gate
意為“大門,出入口”,指院落四周圍墻上的門,一般都比較結(jié)實并且?guī)в虚T栓。
如:He
went in through the garden gate.他從花園門口進去。
32.evening,
night
evening
指晚飯前后至睡前這段時間。
night
指天黑到天亮,尤指睡覺時間。
如:He
does his homework at 7:
33.farther,
further
二者均為far的比較級,但是farther側(cè)重具體的遠,而 further除了指具體的遠之外,還可指抽象的遠。
如:Have
you had any further news? 你有進一步的消息嗎?
He
was so tired that he couldn't walk any further/farther.他太累了,以至于不能再往前走了。
34.fear,
frighten
二者均意為“害怕”,但fear意為“害怕……”, frighten意為“使……害怕”
如:I
fear dogs.Dogs frighten me.我怕狗。
35.fit,
suit, match
fit
側(cè)重大小、尺寸合身
suit
側(cè)重顏色,款式合適
match
側(cè)重兩個物體的搭配
如:The
color suits you well.這顏色很適合你。
These
curtains don't match the carpet.窗簾和地毯不配。
36.for,
from, since
for
用來表示某動作或狀況持續(xù)了多長時間,既可指過去,也可指現(xiàn)在和將來。
from
用來表示動作或事情的開始時間。
since
表示從過去某時開始持續(xù)至說話時的動作或狀況,常用完成時態(tài)。
如:I
have studied English for six years.
I
have studied English since 1998.
I'll
be here from 2:00p.m.tomorrow.
37.forget,
leave
forget表示忘記,而表“遺留”時,它與leave的主要區(qū)別在于:forget后只跟事物,不跟地點或場所,而 leave一定接地點場所。
如:I
forget his name.
I
forget my key.
I
left my key at home.
38.gift,
present
二者均意為“禮物”,常可通用,如birthday gift/present。但gift側(cè)重于誠意或分量,一般指上級或同級所贈的禮物。present一般指同級或下級所贈的禮物, 口語中用得多。
39.have,
eat, take
三者均意為“吃”。have一般用在breakfast, lunch, supper, meal, dinner, medicine及具體食物等名詞之前,或在口語中用于表示邀請的句式中。
eat指吃東西。
take較have文雅,多用于正式文體中。
如:Would
you like to have some cake?
He
ate a banana.I'll take dinner with President Bush.40.holiday,
holidays
40.Holidays, holidays
holiday用作單數(shù),既可指一天的假日,也可指較長時間的假期。而holidays只能用來指較長時間的假期。
如:Tomorrow
will be a holiday.明天放假。
How
did you spend your summer holiday/holidays? 你暑假是如何過的?
41.idea,
thought
idea 意為“思想”,指由于理解、思索、幻想而產(chǎn)生于腦中的具體的思想、念頭、主意、意見等。
如:Such
an idea never entered my head. 我從來沒有過這種念頭。
thought
也意為“思想”,指經(jīng)過思考而形成的一般的思想看法或概念等。
如:A
later thought prevented me from doing it. 一個后來的想法阻止了我做這事。
42.in,
within
in 指最多過多長時間。
within
指不超過多長時間,在多長時間內(nèi)。
如:He
will return in a few days. 他過幾天就會回來。
He
returned within an hour. 他不到一個小時就回來了。
43.job, work
二者均意為“工作”,job為可數(shù)名詞,而 work 為不可數(shù)名詞。
如:a
job, a piece of work
44.repair,
fix, mend
三者均意為“修理,修補”,但稍有不同。
repair
是使受到一定損壞或失靈的東西恢復其形狀或功能。
如:Who
has repaired the broken leg of the table? 誰把桌子的斷腿修好了?
fix
用于美國口語中,與repair無多大區(qū)別。
如:I
must get my radio fixed/repaired.我一定要叫人把收音機修好。
mend
的意思是恢復某物原來的樣子(包括用針和線來縫補),一般指較小之物。
如:This
shirt is too old to be mended.這件衣服太舊,不能補了。
45.everyday,
every day
二者均意為“每天”,everyday用作形容詞,而every day 用作副詞。
如:I
go to school every day.everyday life.everyday
English.
46.lie,
stand
在表示河流,地域等“位于”時,用lie;在表示桌椅、房屋、樹、山等“位于”時用stand;在談到city和town“位于”時,一般用lie,但為了突出其立體形象,有時也用stand。
如:The
river lies in the north of China.The chairs stand by the wall.
47.life,
lives
當life指一個人的生命時,用單數(shù),指多人的生命時用復數(shù)。如果life指一個人的生活狀況時用單數(shù),指兩個以上的人的生活狀況時,既可用單數(shù),也可用復數(shù)。當人生解時是不可數(shù)名詞。
如:He
saved many lives.他拯救了很多人。
The
Chinese people live a very happy life/very happy lives.中國人民過著幸福的生活。
Such
is life.這就是人生。
48.like,
love, enjoy
like
意為“喜歡,愛好”指對某人某事贊許或發(fā)生興趣,并積極參加活動。
love
意為“愛好,愛”表示深深的愛或?qū)Ξ愋缘膼邸?br>
enjoy
意為“喜愛,欣賞,享受”,指對某樣東西或某件事感覺愉快,廣泛應用于從外界事物中得到喜悅,領(lǐng)略到樂趣。
如:I
like reading.我喜歡讀書。
We
love our country.我們熱愛祖國。
I
enjoyed the movie a lot.我很欣賞那部電影。
49.near,
nearby
nearby
通常指空間上的接近,前置后置均可。
near
則指時間,空間,年齡,關(guān)系,程度等的“接近”
如:He
went to a nearby hospital.他去了一家附近的醫(yī)院。
Christmas
is near.圣誕節(jié)即將來臨。
50.nor,
neither
nor
和neither
只有在兩個并列分句的主語不是同一個人時才能互相替換,如果主語是同一個人,則只能用nor。當否定的并列分句有兩個以上時,只能用nor,不能用neither,因為neither只能指兩者中的另一個,而nor指三個或三個以上的另一個。
如:I
could not find him, nor did I know where he had gone.我找不到他,也不知道他去哪里了。
You
cannot dance, nor can I, nor can he.你不會跳舞,我也不會,他也不會。
51.pain,
ache
pain
指由于身體或感情的痛苦引起的痛,可數(shù)和不可數(shù)均可。
如:He
was in great pain.他深感痛苦。
ache
指持續(xù)不斷的身體上的疼痛,可數(shù)和不可數(shù)均可,常和身體部位構(gòu)成復合名詞。
如:He
has an ache in the chest.他胸部疼痛。
52.sickness,
illness, disease
sickness
指“惡心,想吐”,是由外因引起,短暫的。
illness
指病人內(nèi)部的虛弱或失調(diào)而致,是內(nèi)因,長時間的,指心理上的病癥,神經(jīng)病。
disease
指具體的病。
如:He
was overcome with sickness after drinking the water.他喝完水后,惡心,想吐。
He
has a serious illness.他患了重病。
He
has a rare eye disease.他患有一種罕見的眼疾。
53.possible,
probable, likely
三者均意為“可能”,probable的可能性最大。
possible的主語只能是物,常用的句型是It is possible to do sth, It is possible for sb.to
do sth, It is possible that…。
probable的主語也只能是物,它只能用于It is probable that句型中。
likely的主語可以是人也可以是物,它的句型為Sb.is likely to do sth, It is likely
that…
如:It
is possible for him to do it.
It's
probable that he can do it.
It's
likely that he can do it.= He is likely to do it.
54.prepare,
prepare for
prepare
意為“準備”。
prepare
for 意為“為……而準備”。
如:Teachers
prepare exam papers.
Students
prepare for the exam.Mother prepares supper.
Son
prepares for supper.
55.produce,
product, production
produce是“農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,自然產(chǎn)品”的總稱,是不可數(shù)名詞。
如:The
field produce is transported by water to the neighboring countries.農(nóng)產(chǎn)品通過水路運往鄰近各個國家。
product
意為“產(chǎn)物,產(chǎn)品”,是可數(shù)名詞。
如:The
book is the product of 10 years' hard labor.這本書是10年辛勤勞動的產(chǎn)品。
production
意為“生產(chǎn),制造”,是不可數(shù)名詞。
如:Production is up this month.本月產(chǎn)量上升。
56.sand,
sands
sand
意為“沙”。
sands
意為“沙灘,沙地,沙漠,沙丘”。
如:She
got some sand in her eye.她的眼睛進了沙子。
The
children played on the sands.孩子們在沙灘上玩。
57.some,
certain
二者均意為“某一”,certain要和a連用。
如:Some
Mr.Wang is waiting for you outside.
A
certain Mr.Wang is waiting for you outside.一位王先生正在外面等你。
58.sure,
certain
二者均意為“確信,有把握的”,但是sure的主語通常是人,而certain的主語為人或物。
如:I'm
sure that he will come.
I'm
certain that he will come.
It's
certain that he will come.
59.treat,
cure
treat
意為“治療”,但不一定治好;cure 表示治愈。
如:The
medicine has cured thousands of people.此藥治好了成千上萬的人。
The
doctor treated him with a new drug.醫(yī)生用一種新藥給他治療。
60.lit,
lighted
二者均為light的過去分詞,lit只能做表語,而lighted可作定語或表語。
如:The
candle is lit/lighted.
It's a lighted candle.
61.throughout,
all over
二者均意為“遍及”,throughout后可接地點和時間,而all over只能接地點。
如:This
product is famous throughout/all over the world.這種產(chǎn)品舉世聞名。
It
rained throughout the night.雨下了整整一晚上。
62.whatever,
no matter what
二者均意為“無論如何,不管怎樣”,whatever在句中可以用作賓語和狀語,而no matter what只能作狀語。
如:You
may take whatever you like.
Whatever
you like, you may take it.
No
matter what you like, you may take it.你可以拿任何你想要的。
63.share,
spare
share
意為“分享,共用”。
spare
意為“勻出,騰出”。
如:She
shared in my sorrows as well as in my joys.她分擔了我的快樂,也分擔了我的憂愁。
I
have no time to spare.我抽不出空。
64.contain,
include
二者均意為“包含,包括”,contain側(cè)重全部包含,而include側(cè)重部分包括。
如:The
book contains 12 units.這本書包含12單元。
Twenty
people were injured in the traffic accidents including five kids.20人在那場事故中受傷,其中包括5名兒童。
65.pennies,
pence
二者均為penny的復數(shù)形式。pennies指硬幣的個數(shù),而pence指面值。
如:The
five pennies added up to fifty pence.這五枚硬幣加起來是50便士。
66.damage,
destroy
二者均意為“毀壞”,damage的毀壞通常是可以修補的,而destroy的不能。
如:The
house was destroyed in the big fire.大火燒毀了那幢房子。
67.drunk,
drunken
二者均為drink的過去分詞,但是drunken多用作定語,而 drunk多用作表語。
如:A
drunken man was lying in the street.一個醉漢躺在街上。
You're
drunk.你醉了。
68.valuable,
invaluable, valueless
valuable
意為“昂貴的”。
invaluable
意為“無價的,非常珍貴的”。
valueless
意為“沒有任何價值的”, valueless activities 沒有價值的活動。
如:She's
an invaluable assess to the company.她是該公司的無價之寶。
He
has given me valuable help.他給了我很有用的幫助。
69.a(chǎn)ltogether,
all together
altogether
意為“完全,總之,總共”。
all
together 意為“一起”,強調(diào)一個群體中的每一位。
如:The
house was altogether destroyed by the fire.這房子全部被火燒毀了。
Now
let's sing the song all together.現(xiàn)在我們一起來唱這首歌。
70.wage,
salary, pay, income
wage
一般指工人或服務人員等體力勞動者的工資,工錢,通常按時計算,分周發(fā)放。
如:Before
liberation, Grandpa's wages could hardly support the family.解放前,祖父的工資幾乎不能養(yǎng)家糊口。
salary
一般指機關(guān)單位官員,職員和管理人員的薪金,一般按年計算,分月或半月發(fā)給。
如:He
is teaching physics in a technical college at a small salary.他以微薄的薪水在一所科技大學教物理。
pay
可譯為工資,薪餉,但更多的是指軍隊的薪餉或津貼。
如:Why
not join us? You won't have to worry about rank or pay.為什么不加入我們呢?你不會為軍銜和薪餉而擔憂。
income
意為收入,收益,通常指一個人收入所得的錢,不僅限于工資,也可指一個國家的收入。
如:He
has an income of $
71.wake,
awake, waken, awaken
一般說來,表示醒來,弄醒,叫醒,多用wake, waken。
在表示覺醒或提醒等比喻意義時,一般用awake, awaken。
在被動語態(tài)中,一般用waken, awaken的過去分詞wakened, awakened。
awake除用作動詞外,還可用作表語形容詞,表示未入睡或醒著的狀態(tài)。
如:He
lay awake all night.他躺著,一宿沒合眼。
The
noise wakes us out of a sound sleep.噪音使我們從沉睡中醒來。
72.especially,
specially
especially
意為尤其,指有意突出到顯眼或例外的程度。
如:The
climate here is good, especially in winter.這兒的氣候不錯,尤其是冬天。
specially
意為尤其,指為某一特殊目的而專門采用某一方式。
如:I
came here specially for you.我是專門看你來了。
73.lay, put,
place
三者均意為“放,置”,但稍有不同。
lay
有“平放”的意思。
如:He
laid the table for supper.他擺好桌子,準備進晚餐。
put
是移動某物,將其置放于某處,不一定是平放。
如:Did
you put milk in my tea? 你在我的茶里加牛奶了嗎?
place
常指將事物安放在適當?shù)奈恢谩?br>
如:That
picture is placed too high on the wall.那張圖畫在墻上掛得太高了。
74.know,
know about
know
表示直接認識、了解或明白。
如:I
know him to be an honest man.我了解他是個誠實的人。
know
about 表示間接了解、知道某人或某事。
如:I
know about him, but I don't know him.
75.persuade,
advise
兩者均意為“勸告”。persuade 意為“勸說成功了”。
如:I
persuade him not to go.= He didn't go at last.
advise
意為“勸說不一定成功”。
如:He
advised her not to go, but at last she went.
76.few, a
few, quite a few
三者均可修飾可數(shù)名詞。
a
few 意為“有幾個”。
few
意為“幾乎沒幾個”。
quite
a few 意為“相當多的”。
如:I
have a few books.我有幾本書。
I
have few books.我?guī)缀鯖]有幾本書。
I
have quite a few books.我有許多書。
77.silly,
stupid, dull
三詞都表示“愚蠢的”,但有細微的差別。
silly
用來指正常智能的人,因喪失理性或缺乏常識,做出荒誕可笑之事。
如:It
would be a silly thing to spend money on something you can't afford.花錢買你根本買不起的東西真是愚蠢。
stupid
指愚蠢無知的人或愚蠢的行為,更指先天智能低下,是貶義詞。
如:I
think he was born stupid.我想他是天生愚蠢。
dull用來描述人和行為,表示智能低下。
如:The
mind becomes dull if the body doesn't get on exercise.要是身體得不到鍛煉,頭腦也會遲鈍的。
78.hire,
rent, let
三詞都表示“租,借”,但有細微的區(qū)別。
hire
表示短期的租借。
如:We
intend to hire the theatre for three days.這個劇院我們打算租三天。
let
表示“出租”。
如:Unless
the house is repaired, it won't let easily.除非把這房子修一下,否則不容易租出去。
rent
表示較長期的租出租入。
如:They
rented a small plot of land.他們租了一塊地。
79.goal, aim
goal
意為“目的,目標”。常用于文學作品中,強調(diào)個人精心選定的目標,含有不達目的不罷休、與困難拼搏的意思,該詞本身使人聯(lián)想到參加賽跑的人,他們必須跑到終點。goal也指賽跑的終點。
如:He
sticks stubbornly to his goal of education reform.他始終不渝地堅持他的奮斗目標-教育改革。
aim意為“目的,目標”。呈單數(shù)形式時,指目標,但較goal具體、簡單、近期,決心也稍弱。該詞修辭色彩也樸素。呈復數(shù)形式時,指籠統(tǒng)的理想與目標。
如:What
is your aim in working so hard? 你這樣拼命工作,圖的是什么?
80.die, pass
away
die的意思是死,是表示生命結(jié)束的一般用語。
如:Flowers
soon die if they are left without water.花如不澆水,很快就會枯死。
pass
away 的意思是逝世,去世,是die的委婉用語。
如:Chairman
Mao passed away on September 9,
81.earth,
ground, land, soil
earth
指大地,泥土,區(qū)別于巖石
ground
指大地的表面
land
指陸地,區(qū)別于江河湖海
soil
指富有有機物的,易于耕種的土壤
如:The
worm eats earth.蟲子吃泥土。
After
the bad boat journey, we were glad to arrive on land.經(jīng)過了糟糕的乘船旅行后,我們很開心回到陸地上。
The
soil is good for growing rice.該土壤適宜種植水稻。
82.hear,
hear of/about, hear from
hear
意為“親耳聽到”
hear
of/about 意為“聽說”
hear
from 意為“收到某人的來信”
如:Let's
go into town and hear a concert.讓我們到鎮(zhèn)上聽一場音樂會。
In
prison he heard of/about the death of his wife.他在監(jiān)獄獲知妻子的死訊。
I
haven't heard from my parents for a long time.我有很長一段時間沒有收到父母的來信了。
83.usual,
common, general, ordinary
usual---unusual
多指習慣性的,遵循常規(guī)的,一貫如此的
如:He
made the usual mistakes which all beginners make.他犯了初學者常犯的錯誤。
common---rare
多用于常見的,不足為奇的,側(cè)重普通
如:a
common saying, a common wish
general---specific
側(cè)重普遍
如:They
work for the general good.他們?yōu)楣娑ぷ鳌?br>
ordinary---superior與common意思相近,多指平淡無奇
如:Although
she was rich, she was always in ordinary dress.盡管她富有,她衣著簡樸。
84.invite,
treat
invite
表示邀請某人做某事,但不一定幫被邀請人付費
treat
表示款待,宴請某人做某事,主人付費
如:I'd
like to invite you to dinner.(Maybe you and I go Dutch.AA制)
I'd
like to treat you to dinner.(I pay the bill.)
85.big,
great, huge, large, vast
big
是普通用語,用以表示尺度,重量,容積等的大,修飾有形的東西=large
great
偉大的,表抽象的名詞,可用于引起感情色彩等場合
huge
體積大(還可指超越一定標準的大)
large
面積大,范圍大,數(shù)目大
vast
范圍,地域的大
如:Our
classroom is bigger than theirs.Beethoven was a great musician.
An
elephant is a huge animal.
A
man with a large family needs a large house.
A
billion dollars is a large/vast amount of money.
The
Sahara is a vast desert.
86.how, what
在感嘆句中,how修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞,也可修飾整個句子。what修飾名詞,它可以接單數(shù)名詞,復數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。接單數(shù)名詞時要與不定冠詞連用。
如:What
a nice day it is!
How
nice the day is!
87.suffer,
suffer from
suffer
意為“受到,遭受”
如:The
enemy has suffered a sharp defeat and severe losses.敵人遭到重創(chuàng)。
suffer
from 意為“受…之苦/折磨,因…而不舒服/受到損害;患(某種疾病),有(某種缺陷)”
如:He
suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.他受到饑寒交迫之苦。
88.lately,
recently
二者均意為“最近”,但lately多用于否定和疑問句中,而recently多用于肯定句中。
如:Where
have you been lately? 你最近去哪兒了?
89.can, be
able to
can指先天的能力或一般條件下的能力;而be able to指特定條件下的能力
如:Birds
can fly.He couldn't swim, but when the ship sank, he was able to
swim to the bank.他不能游泳,但是當船沉的時候,他能夠游到岸邊。
90.hill,
mountain
hill指小山或丘陵;mountain指大山,高山
如:the
91.connect,
join
connect
表“連接,銜接,聯(lián)系”,兩者仍保持各自的獨立性。
join
表“連接,結(jié)合,聯(lián)合”,兩者成為一體。
如:Tom
and Mary were joined in marriage.Tom和Mary喜結(jié)良緣。 (成了一家人)
He
and the Whites are connected by marriage.他和懷特家聯(lián)姻。(成了親戚)
92.dark,
darkness
dark指經(jīng)常情況,和the連用,而darkness指一時情況。
如:Girls
are usually afraid of the dark.女孩通常怕黑。
I
could see nothing because of the darkness.由于天黑,我什么都看不見。
93.first, at
first
first
一般用來說明順序,意為“首先,第一”,相當于first of all;還可意為“初次,開始”,相當于for the first time。
at
first 意為“最初,開始”,相當于 at the beginning of。
如:You
go first.你先走。
There
I first met her.在那兒,我第一次遇見她。
At
first, I found it difficult to learn English.最初我發(fā)現(xiàn)英語很難學。
94.like,
would like
like
意為“喜歡”,后接to do, doing
would
like 意為“打算,想要”,后接to do
如:I
would like to swim this afternoon.我今天下午想去游泳。
95.ever,
once
ever
用在疑問句中,與一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時連用,也可用于某些從句中。once用在肯定句中,與一般過去時連用。
如:I
once lived in Shanghai.我曾經(jīng)在上海住過。
96.sorry,
pardon
當我們做錯了事或說錯了話之后表示歉意時,常用sorry;而談話時提出異議以前或沒聽清對方的話,希望他重復一遍時,常用pardon。
如:Sorry
to have kept you waiting so long.Pardon, could you say it again?
97.far, by
far
far
通常前置用來修飾比較級以加強語氣,相當于much.by far多放在最高級前面修飾最高級。
如:It's
far hotter today than yesterday.
She
is by far the best student in the class.
98.finally,
at last
finally
一般指一系列事物或論點的順序的最后一項內(nèi)容,或用在動詞前,表示等了好久才……,沒有感情色彩。
at
last 往往表示經(jīng)過一番努力或曲折的過程之后的意思,常常有較濃厚的感情色彩。
如:After
a lot of difficulties, he succeeded at last.經(jīng)歷了許多困難之后,他終于成功了。
99.from, out
of
from
只表示“來自何處”,注重起點。而out of 表示“從里面到外面”,它強調(diào)句子的主語或out of的賓語最終的結(jié)果是在“外面”。
如:He
has just come out of prison.他剛從監(jiān)獄釋放出來。
He
has just come from prison.他剛從監(jiān)獄那里來。
100.have, there
be
have表“所屬”關(guān)系的“有”;there be指某處“有”。
如:I
have a book.
There is a book on the table.
have表示“結(jié)構(gòu)上含有”,側(cè)重從整體結(jié)構(gòu)的角度理解;there be表示“存在”,側(cè)重從客觀范圍的角度理解。
如:The
table has four legs.
There
are many students playing on the playground.
101.do so, do
that
do so和do that用來代替前面的短語動詞,以免重復。do so主要用來表示同一主語所做前面剛提到過的同一動作,而表示不同主語則用do that;當do本身以不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞形式出現(xiàn)時,其后一律接so。
如:I
promised to get the tickets and I will do so as soon as possible.
I haven't got time to get the tickets.Who's going to do that?
They didn't work yesterday and instead of doing so, they went to the cinema.
102.have a
word, have words, have word
have a word=talk to, speak to 意為“與……交談,對……說幾句話”
have words=quarrel 意為“爭吵”
have word=hear of 意為“聽說……消息,得知”
如:I'd
like to have a word with you.我想和你談談。
He had words with his parents last night.他昨晚和父母爭吵了。
I have had no word from him since he left.自從他走后,我一直沒有得到他的音訊。
103.help sb.do sth., help sb.to do sth.
二者均意為“幫助某人做某事”,帶to表示主語不直接參與賓補的動作,而不帶to表示直接參與賓補的動作。
如:He
helped me clean the table.(他直接參與clean the table)
The dictionary will help you to learn English better.(dictionary不可能直接參與learn English)
104.deal
with, do with
二者均意為“對付,處理”,deal with常和how連用,而do with和what連用。
如:I
don't know how to deal with it.
I don't know what to do with it.
105.die out,
die away, die down
die out 表示“(物種等)滅絕,不復存在”
die away 表示“(聲音,怒火等)漸漸消失”
die down 表示“(聲音,怒火等)逐漸減小”
如:Pandas
are facing the danger of dying out.
His anger died away.(He was not angry.)
His
anger died down a little bit.(He was still angry.)
106.in one's
fifties, in the fifties
in one's fifties 在某人50多歲的時候
in the fifties 在50年代
如:He
died in his fifties.他50多歲的時候就死了。
People
in the fifties suffered a lot.50年代的人受了很多苦。
107.get in
touch, keep in touch
get in touch 意為“和……取得聯(lián)絡”,表動作
keep in touch 意為“和……保持聯(lián)絡”,表狀態(tài)
如:I
tried to get in touch with him in Paris, but failed.我在巴黎的時候盡力地想和他取得聯(lián)絡,但是沒有成功。
Let's keep in touch with each other.讓我們保持聯(lián)絡。
108.feel
one's way, fight one's way, find one's way
feel one's way 意為“摸索著探路”
fight one's way 意為“掙扎著前進”
find one's way 意為“找到路”
如:The
blind man felt his way with the stick.盲人用棍子探路。
I
fought my way out of the crowd.我從人群中沖了出來。
How
did you find your way here? 你是怎樣找到這兒來的?
109.in the
tree, on the tree
in the tree 在樹里
on the tree (水果等)長在樹上
如:There
is a monkey in the tree.
There
are lots of apples on the tree.
110.in order
to, so as to
in order to和so as to 在一般情況下可以替換,但so as to不能放在句首。
如:In
order to catch the first bus, he got up early.他早起,目的是能夠趕上早班車。
111.a(chǎn)t table,
at the table
at table 意為“在(餐桌旁)就餐”
at the table 意為“在桌旁”
如:They
are at table now.他們在進餐。
They
are sitting at the table.他們坐在桌旁。
112.in the
past, in the past 5 years
in the past 意為“在過去”,常和過去時連用。
in the past 5 years 意為“在過去的5年里”,常和完成時連用。
如:Great
changes took place in China in the past.
Great changes have taken place in China in the past 5 years.
113.give sb.a(chǎn) lesson,
teach sb.a(chǎn) lesson
give sb.a(chǎn) lesson 意為“給某人上課”
teach sb.a(chǎn) lesson 意為“給某人一個教訓”
如:He
was too naughty.It's time to teach him a lesson.他太頑皮了,該給他點教訓了。
114.lose
heart, lose one's heart
lose heart 意為“灰心,失望”
lose one's heart 意為“喜歡……,愛上……”
如:He
lost his heart to the puppy the first time he saw it.他第一眼看到那個小狗,就喜歡上它了。
Don't
lose heart.Sooner or later you'll succeed.不要灰心,遲早你會成功的。
115.in the
distance, at a distance
in the distance 意為“在遠處”
at a distance 意為“有一定距離”
如:We
watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.我們注視這輛火車,直到它消失在遠處。
The picture looks better at a distance.這幅畫遠看更好些。
116.put off,
call off
put off 意為“推遲,拖延”
call off 意為“取消”
如:The
sports meet was put off because of the heavy rain.(有改天進行的含義。)
The sports meet was called off because of the heavy rain.(運動會取消了,不再進行了。)
117.a(chǎn)dd to,
add up, add up to
add to 意為“增加,增添”
add up意為“加起來”
add up to 意為“加起來總和是……”
如:The
newly-built cinema adds to the beauty of the city.新近落成的電影院增添了城市的美麗。
118.be good
for, be good to
be good for sb.意為“對某人有好處”
be good to sb.意為“對某人好”
如:Proper
exercise will be good for you.適當?shù)腻憻拰δ阌泻锰帯?br>
He
is good to me.他對我好。
119.be sure
to do, be sure of doing
be sure to do 意為“別人認為主語有把握做某事”
be sure of doing 意為“主語自己自信能做某事”
如:He
is sure to come.別人認為他肯定會來。
He
is sure of coming.他自信能來。
另外,be
sure to do 的主語可為sb.or sth.而be
sure of doing的主語則只能為sb.
120.in
condition, in good condition
in condition 意為“身體很好”
如:Walk
to work every day and you'll soon be back in condition.走路上班,你不久就會痊愈。
in good condition 意為“完好無損”
如:Everything arrived in good
condition.每樣東西都完好無損地運到了。
121.give in,
give up, give away
give in 意為“屈服,讓步”
如:No
matter how hard the struggle is, I'll never give in.不管競爭有多難,我都不會讓步。
give up 意為“放棄”
如:Father
gave up smoking.父親戒煙了。
give away 意為“分發(fā),泄露(秘密等)”
如:The
mayor gave away the prizes at the sports meet.市長在運動會上分發(fā)獎品。
122.a(chǎn)t a
time, at one time
at a time 意為“一次”
at one time 意為“過去某個時期,曾經(jīng)”
如:I
ate five apples at a time.我一次吃了5個蘋果。
At one time, girls were not allowed to go to school.歷史上一度曾不許女孩上學。
123.be afraid
to do, be afraid of doing
be afraid to do 意為“害怕做某事”
be afraid of doing 意為“害怕做某事,擔心某事會發(fā)生”
如:He
was afraid to go home, because he was afraid of being punished by his father.他因為擔心會被父親打而不敢回家。
124.pass by,
pass through
兩詞都為“穿過”,但有細微的差別。pass by 指“從旁邊經(jīng)過”
如:He
passed by me without saying a word.他一言不發(fā)地從我身邊走過。
pass through 指“從(某地或人群)中通過”
如:He
passed through the large crowd.他穿過那一大群人。
125.put out,
put down
put out 意為“撲滅”
如:put
out the fire,把火撲滅。
put down 則可為“記下,放下或鎮(zhèn)壓”之意。
如:put
down the sentence, put down your arms, put down the rebellion
126.regret
doing, regret to do
regret doing 表示“做了某事而感到遺憾或后悔”,v-ing動作發(fā)生在regret
之前。
如:I
regretted missing the train.我為沒有趕上火車而感到很懊惱。
regret to do 指“當時或現(xiàn)在遺憾地做什么”。
如:I
regret to tell you that we can't stay here any longer.我遺憾地告訴你,我們不能在這兒多呆了。
127.sort of,
a sort of
sort of是口語用語,只能作狀語,放在所修飾的動詞、形容詞前,表示“有幾分,有點兒”。
如:I
sort of thought you might do it.我有幾分料到你會這么做。
a sort of 只作定語,表示“一種……”。
如:a
new sort of radio 一種新型收音機
128.let sb.in for,
let sb.in on
let sb.in for 意為“給某人添麻煩,給造成”
如:His
illness has let us in for a lot of extra work.他生病給我們增添了很多額外的工作。
let sb.in on 意為“讓某人知道,參與(一件秘密的事)”
如:Don't
let him in on the secret.不要讓他知道這個秘密。
129.go on to
do sth., go on doing sth., go on with sth.go on to do sth.意為“繼續(xù)做不同的事”
go on doing sth.意為“繼續(xù)做相同的事”
go on with sth.意為“繼續(xù)做相同的事”,注意with后只能接名詞,不能接動名詞。
如:She
finished her reading and went on to watch TV.她讀完書后,接著看電視。
After
a short rest, he went on doing his homework.
After
a short rest, he went on with his homework.休息了一會后,他接著做作業(yè)。
130.be made
of, be made from, be made up of, be made into,
be made of 意為“由……制成的”,看得出原材料
be made from 意為“由……制成的”,看不出原材料
be made up of 意為“由……組成的”
be made into 意為“把原材料制成……”
如:The
bridge is made of stone.這座橋是由石頭建成的。
The
wine is made from rice.這種酒是由米釀成的。
Our class is made up of 50 students.我們班由50名學生組成。
Rice is made into wine.米釀成酒。
131.compete
with/against, compete for, compete in
compete with/against sb.意為“和……競爭”
compete for sth.意為“為……競爭”
compete in sth.意為“在……上/中競爭”
如:The
two girls compete with each other for the highest mark in physics.這兩個女孩為了得到物理的最高分而競爭。
132.break
away from, break out, break down
break away from 意為“脫離,擺脫”
如:She
couldn't break away from his influence.她無法擺脫他的影響。
break out 意為“(火災,戰(zhàn)爭)等突然爆發(fā)”
如:A
fire broke out on the top floor last night.昨夜頂樓發(fā)生了火災。
break down 意為“(機器等)出毛病,故障”
如:The
car broke down.汽車拋錨了。
133.be tired
of, be tired with
be tired of 意為“對某事感到厭煩,厭倦”
be tired with 意為“因為……而累了”
如:I'm
tired of talking to him.我討厭和他說話。
She
is tired with running a long time.她因為跑了很久而累了。
134.too… not to,
not too… to
too… not to 意為“太……不能不”
如:You
are too angry not to say it.你在氣憤下,不免要說出這樣的話來。
He
is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么細心,不會不注意到這一點。
not too…to 意為“并非太......而不能”
如:His
grandfather is not too old to do so.他祖父并非老到不能做這事。
135.tell sb.sth., tell sb.of /about
sth(sb.)
tell sb sth 表示“向某人談到某事某人”,如:time, name, address, way, price,
story, news, reason, marks, etc;
而向某人談關(guān)于某人或某事的情況用tell sb of/about
如:Please
tell me your name…
Tell
him of /about your life, her friend, our school…
136.So is sb., So sb.is.,
Neither/Nor is sb., So it is with
So is sb.意為“……也一樣”
So sb.is 意為“……是的”
Neither/Nor is sb.意為“……也一樣不……”
So it is with 意為“……也一樣” 如:
1) ---She studies English.---So do I.(指不同人時倒裝)
2) ---She Studies English.---So she does.(指同一人時不倒裝)
3) ---She doesn't study English.---Neither/Nor do I.(否定)
4) ---She is a Chinese girl, and China is her homeland.
---So it is with Tom.(指代兩種或兩種以上)
137.have a
seat, take a seat
二者均意為“就座”,但稍有不同。當主人說請就座時,二者可通用,但指一個人發(fā)出的動作時,只能用take a seat.
如:He
went in and took a seat.
The
host said, “Please have a seat/take a seat.”
138.compare
with, compare to
compare…with…意為“與……相比”,“有比較”之意
compare…to…可表示“與……相比”,但更常見的是表示“比作、比為”,有“比喻”之意。
如:They
often compare the present with the past.他們經(jīng)常將現(xiàn)在與過去做比較。
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亞把人世比作舞臺。
139.a(chǎn) bit, a
little
a bit 和a little的用法類似,都可修飾形容詞原形和比較級
如:I'm
a bit/little tired.
I'm a bit/little better now.
但是如接名詞,a bit后要加of, 而a little不用
如:a
bit of money=a little money
140.but for,
except for
but for 表示“若不是,要不是”,等于if it weren't for…,
if it hadn't been for…
如:But
for him, I would have died thirty years ago.若不是他,我三十年前就死了。
except for 意為“除了”,其后的賓語一般與句子所涉及的東西不同類。
如:Your
composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.你的作文不錯,只是有幾個拼寫錯誤。
141.by this
means, by no means, by all means
by this means 意為“通過這種方式/方法”
by no means 意為“一點也不,決不”
by all means 意為“千萬,一定要”
如:Only
by this means can you learn English well.只有通過這種方法,你才能學好英語。
This
idea is by no means reasonable.這種方法毫無根據(jù)。
Try
by all means to persuade him to come.一定要努力說服他來。
142.feed on,
live on
二者均為“以……為主食”,但feed on的主語常是動物,而live on的主語是人。
如:People
live on rice.
Cats
feed on fish.143.a(chǎn)t least, in the least
at least 意為“至少”
in the least 意為“一點,絲毫”,多用于否定句中。
如:I
haven't seen you for at least ten years.我至少有十年沒見到你了。
I
don't understand in the least what he is trying to say.我一點都不明白他在說些什么。
143.even if,
even though
二者均意為“即使,盡管”,大部分情況下可通用,但是也有一點小的區(qū)別。
如:Even
if he is poor, she loves him.(He may be poor.)
even if側(cè)重假設
Even
though he is poor, she loves him.(He is poor.)
even though側(cè)重事實
144.only if,
if only
only if 意為“只有……才……”
if only 意為“只要,要是……就好了”
如:One
can succeed only if one works hard.只有努力才能成功。
If
only I were you! 如果我是你就好了。
145.in a
sense, in all senses
in a sense 意為“在某種意義上說”
in all senses 意為“在任何意義上說”
如:What
you say is true in a sense.你所說的話有幾分真實性。
It's
quite necessary for a college student to learn a foreign language in all senses.一個大學生學一門外語是相當必要的。
146.in course
of, in the course of
in course of 意為“正在……中”
in the course of 意為“在……的過程中,在……期間”
如:The
railway is in course of construction.鐵路正在修建中。
I
told him everything in the course of the trip.在旅途中,我把一切都告訴了他。
147.make up
one's mind, read one's mind, change one's mind
make up one's mind 意為“下定決心”
如:He
made up his mind not to speak a word.他下定決心不說一句話。
read one's mind 意為“看出心事,知道在想什么”
如:I've
known him so long that I can read his mind.我認識他這么久了,以至于我能知道他在想什么。
change one's mind 意為“改變主意”
如:He
changed his mind suddenly for no reason.他突然無故改變主意。
148.come to
an end, draw to an end, put an end to
come to an end 意為“……結(jié)束了”
如:The
meeting came to an end at last.會終于開完了。
draw to an end 意為“快要結(jié)束了”
如:This
year was drawing to an end.這一年要過完了。
put an end to 意為“結(jié)束(不好的事),制止”
如:We
must put an end to this foolish behavior.我們必須制止這一愚蠢的行為。
149.keep out
of, keep out, keep up
keep out of 意為“不牽涉進去,避開”
如:I'd
rather keep out of his troubles.我不愿卷入他的麻煩中。
keep out 意為“阻止,不讓……進入”
如:The
coat can keep out the cold.這件衣服能御寒。
keep up 意為“保持”
如:Keep up your spirits.保持你的精神。
150.carry
out, carry off, carry away, carry on
carry out 意為“實施,遵守”
如:He carried out his
promise to give up smoking.他遵守了戒煙的諾言。
carry off 意為“叼走,奪走”
如:He carried off two gold
medals in the Olympics.他在奧運會上奪得兩枚金牌。
carry away 意為“使傾倒,使激動得失去控制”
如:The music carried him
away.音樂使他傾倒。
carry on 表示“繼續(xù)進行”
如:carry on the work 繼續(xù)開展這項工作。
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