【答案】
分析:(1)溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)═
×100%;加入5gNaOH固體完全溶解后,所得溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量為原溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量與后加入的氫氧化鈉質(zhì)量之和,溶液質(zhì)量為原溶液質(zhì)量與所加入氫氧化鈉質(zhì)量之和.
(2)根據(jù)氫氧化鈉的質(zhì)量可以求出18.25g鹽酸溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量,再根據(jù)溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)═
×100%,得出鹽酸的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù);
(3)在求出鹽酸溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量的同時,還可求出生成的氯化鈉的質(zhì)量;再根據(jù)反應(yīng)后所得溶液為所有物質(zhì)之和減去沉淀和氣體質(zhì)量;最后利用溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)═
×100%,得出反應(yīng)后溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).
解答:解:
(1)所得溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%=20%;
(2)解:設(shè)所用鹽酸中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量為X,生成的氯化鈉質(zhì)量為Y
由于反應(yīng)只消耗了10g的上述溶液,則反應(yīng)的氫氧化鈉的質(zhì)量為10g×20%=2g.
NaOH+HCl=H
2O+NaCl
40 36.5 58.5
2g X Y
=
,
=
解得,X=1.825g,Y=2.925g
鹽酸的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%=10%;
(3)反應(yīng)后溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%=10.4%.
故答案為:
(1)20%
(2)10%
(3)10.4%
點評:本題主要考查學(xué)生利用化學(xué)方程式和溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)公式進行計算的能力.解題的關(guān)鍵是分析物質(zhì)之間的反應(yīng)情況,確定反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式;弄清楚溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量和溶液質(zhì)量的計算方法.