解:(1)1.22×3.8+3.8×8.78
=(1.22+8.78)×3.8,
=10×3.8,
=38;
(2)13.28-7.69-0.31
=13.28-(7.69+0.31),
=13.28-10,
=3.28;
(3)
+
+
+
=
+
+
+
,
=1-
+
-
+
-
+
-
,
=1-
+
-
,
=
;
(4)3.8÷(12.4÷3.1)+0.5
=3.8÷4+0.5,
=0.95+0.5,
=1.45;
(5)
-
+
+
=(
+
)+(
-
),
=1+
,
=1
;
(6)24
-6
+
-2
=(24
+
)-(6
+2
),
=25-9,
=16.
分析:(1)根據(jù)乘法分配律計(jì)算即可;
(2)根據(jù)一個(gè)數(shù)減兩個(gè)數(shù),等于用這個(gè)數(shù)減去這兩個(gè)數(shù)的和的減法性質(zhì)計(jì)算;
(3)可將式中分?jǐn)?shù)分解成
形式后,根據(jù)
=
=
計(jì)算;
(4)根據(jù)四則混合運(yùn)算的運(yùn)算順序計(jì)算即可:先算乘除,再算加減,有括號(hào)的要先算括號(hào)里面的;
(5)可根據(jù)加法交換律與結(jié)合律計(jì)算;
(6)可根據(jù)加法交換律與一個(gè)數(shù)減兩個(gè)數(shù)等于減去這兩個(gè)數(shù)的和的減法性質(zhì)計(jì)算.
點(diǎn)評(píng):完成此類題目要注意分析式中數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn)及內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,然后運(yùn)用合適的方法計(jì)算.