20090309
It’s
so true that the choices you make today 52 what you are tomorrow. Our children will 53 our behavior much more than our advice.
So if we want them to 54 to be honest, we must show them the way
by being honest ourselves. Remember, out kids are 55 what we do and how we live even when we
don’t think they see or know.
36.A.high B.sweet C.tough D.soft
37.A.finally B.kindly C.secretly D.totally
38.A.forgotten B.mispronounced C.misspelled D.lost
39.A.correct B.wrong C.different D.same
40.A.stage B.studio C.test D.classroom
41.A.bravery B.honesty C.courage D.cleverness
42.A.cancelled B.cost C.offered D.wasted
43.A.a(chǎn)chieved B.broke C.won D.defeated
44.A.reputation B.knowledge C.life D.character
45.A.paid B.a(chǎn)warded C.caught D.reported
46.A.escaped B.lied C.changed D.a(chǎn)nswered
47.A.a(chǎn)ccept B.fight C.cheat D.insist
48.A.conscience B.feeling C.diligence D.modesty
49.A.contest B.champion C.judger D.expert
50.A.sense B.pride C.respect D.a(chǎn)wareness
51.A.plan B.conclusion C.discovery D.choice
52.A.make B.change C.keep D.create
53.A.give B.take C.follow D.set
54.A.grow up B.bring up C.take up D.come up
55.A.recording B.inspecting C.correcting D.watching
第三部分:閱讀理解(共20小題,每題2分,滿分40分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。
Many
Chinese use instant messenger tools such as MSN or QQ, listen to music on MP3
players and log on the Internet using ADSL ? without knowing the literal
Chinese translation of the abbreviations (縮寫).
But
they don’t have to, as many English letters have become part of the local
lexicon(詞典).
A
dozen abbreviations including GDP, NBA, IT, MP3, QQ, DVD and CEO are among the
5,000 most-frequently used words in the Chinese-language media last year,
according to a report on the 2006 Language Situation in China, which was released yesterday in Beijing.
The
report said some parents are so keen on English letters that recently a couple
tried to name their baby “@”,claiming the character used in e-mail addresses
reflects their love for the child.
While
the “@”is obviously familiar to Chinese e-mail users, they often use the
English word “at” to pronounce it, which sounds something like “ai ta”, or
“l(fā)ove him”, to Putonghua speakers.
The
study collected more than 1 billion language samples from newspapers,
magazines, TV, radio and websites. The annual report is compiled(編輯) by the Ministry of Education and
the State Language Commission.
“Nowadays,
more and more English abbreviations are being used in Chinese, making them an
important part of the contemporary language,” said Hou Min, a professor at
Communication University of China.
“The
abbreviations have gained popularity because of the convenience of usage,” Hou
said.
For
example, DNA is much simpler to use than its Chinese version tuoyang hetang
hesuan.
“As
more Chinese people learn foreign languages, especially English, in recent
years, using abbreviations has become a trend among educated people,” she said.
Some
language scholars fear such usage will contaminate the purity of Chinese
and cause confusion in communication.
56.Why do so
many Chinese like to use English abbreviations?
A.Because they don’t have to know the literal Chinese translation.
B.Because that’s a better way to
learn English.
C.Because these abbreviations are
part of their local lexicon.
D.Because it’s convenient for them to
use the abbreviations.
57.A couple want
to name their child “@” because of its .
A.popularity B.pronunciation C.meaning D.usage
58.The
underlined word “contaminate” in the last paragraph probably means .
A.make impure B.smooth away C.make clear D.make up
59.The usage of
English abbreviations will be in
China.
A.limited by the Ministry of Education
B.encouraged by most language
scholars
C.more popular among educated people
D.officially forbidden by the
government
60.The passage
aims to tell us .
A.English abbreviations become
popular in China
B.English abbreviations will take the
place of Putonghua
C.The arguments about English
abbreviations
D.How we can use abbreviations
properly
A
couple of years ago, before a trip to China, Nicole Davis and her US women’s
volleyball teammates were warned about the prominence (顯著、突出) of coach “Jenny” Lang Ping in
her native country.
“I was pushed over by Chinese journalists
while I was just trying to put my luggage on the bus, ” said Davis.
Known
as the “Iron Hammer” for her punishing spikes (扣球), Lang made it possible for China to dominate in the sport in the
early 1980s. She was a key player on China’s 1984 Olympic gold medal
winning team.
When
the US team arrived for the
Olympics, Lang, 48, who is from Beijing,
had to take a different route to avoid crowd of reporters and fans.
Then
came the greatest moment to Lang: While the US team was playing in a packed
gym, at least 8,000 Chinese fans unfurled an American flag.
“That
really says it all,” Davis
said. “They look at her as an icon (偶像). I’m sure it’s hard for them to see her coaching another country,
but they love her so dearly that her success is their success.”
The
loyalty of the Chinese fans was tested on Friday, when China lost a match to the US.
“It’s
a pity that China lost the match, but I’m still glad that Lang Ping’s team won,
since she is the pride of China’s volleyball,” said Liu Chengli, a spectator.
“We also cheered for Lang’s victory.”
Lang
says she just tries to stay professional when the two teams meet. “It doesn’t matter
if we play China
or any other team. It’s the same.” Lang said.
Davis said she and her teammates could not have imagined
the passion for volleyball among Chinese because the sport was lack of
popularity in the US.
The reception from Chinese fans has touched the US
players, said US
volleyball player Lindsey Berg.
“It’s
such an honor to be here and play for our coach here in China,” she said. “The amount of
support that the Chinese give to her and us has been tremendous. The whole
event has been unbelievable.”
61.What’s the
passage mainly about?
A.Staying professional B.Cheering for the Iron Hammer.
C.A match between China and the US. D.Lang Ping’s career as a coach.
62.Lang Ping
avoided meeting the reporters and fans probably because she .
A.was afraid to be questioned about
her strategy
B.didn’t want to be paid much
attention to
C.disliked to be with her fans
D.didn’t want to disturb public order
63.What does the
underlined word “unfurled” exactly mean?
A.destroyed completely B.tore into pieces
C.spread out to the wind D.rolled up
64.What does
Lang Ping mean by saying “it doesn’t matter if we play China or any
other team.”?
A.American Volleyball Team will beat
any team.
B.Chinese Volleyball Team is the same
as other teams.
C.She just tries to stay
professional.
D.The results of each match will be
same.
65.What
impressed the US
team players most?
A.The tolerance of Chinese people.
B.The popularity of volleyball in China.
C.Lang Ping’s coaching skills.
D.The loyalty for volleyball of the
Chinese.
Do
you play a musical instrument? Would you like to share a stage with world ?
class famous composers (作曲家)? Do you dream of becoming the next Lang Lang? Now is your chance to
make it big in the classical music world, thanks to a video ? sharing website.
In
collaboration with(與合作) orchestras such as the London Symphony Orchestra, New York
Philharmonic and several others, the video-sharing site has launched the
“YouTube Symphony Orchestra Project.”
Billed
as the world’s first collaborative online orchestra, the site wants users to
submit videos showing their musical talent.
Beijing
Olympics theme music composer Tang Dun has written the audition(試聽) piece. He told the BBC his
latest composition was inspired by walking around the streets of New York and hearing the
sounds of mechanics.
The
internet is an invisible Silk Road, joining
people across the world. Anyone can download a score of my Internet Symphony
No. 1 ‘Eroica’, pick any part of it and play it with any instrument or object,
in any style, he said.
In
addition to Tan Dun’s piece, users will also have to perform a famous classical
piece of their choice showing their musical and technical abilities. A team of
experts will then whittle(減少) the field down to a shortlist of semi-finalists who will then be
voted on by YouTube viewers.
The
competition hopes to inspire musicians from all over the world. Music means so
much to different people, in different countries. It's not just about the note
of music, it’s about discovery, said the music director of the San Francisco
Symphony, Michael Tilson Thomas.
With
just three months till the competition deadline in February next year, anyone
hoping to perform on the world stage and be part of musical history must act
quickly.
As
New York Carnegie Hall’s director Clive Gilinson puts it, “This will be a
one-of-a-kind moment in classical music, bringing musicians together in a
totally new, modern and unique way.”
66.What is the
best title for this passage?
A.Online Orchestra.
B.Collaboration with orchestras.
C.Video ? sharing.
D.Talent show.
67.What does the
underlined phrase “to make it big” in paragraph 1 mean?
A.To become successful. B.To talk big.
C.To be positive. D.To show off.
68.We can know
from the passage that the video ? sharing site .
A.owns many famous orchestras working
together
B.is said to be the first
collaborative online orchestra
C.has sponsored many performances
around the world
D.has discovered many talented
persons in music
69.How did Tang
Dun compose his latest music according to his own words?
A.The invisible Silk
Road affected him greatly.
B.The Internet joins people across
the world, which helped him a lot.
C.The sounds of mechanics around New York streets gave
him an inspiration.
D.The video ? sharing website
encouraged him.
70.What is true
about the competition?
A.The online competition deadline is
in January 2009.
B.The final winners will be chosen by
some experts.
C.The competition hopes to pick out
the top composers from the whole world.
D.Users are encouraged to submit
videos of themselves playing music instruments.
A tropical
fish that lives in mangrove swamps (濕地) across the Americas can survive out of water for months at a time,
similar to how animals adapted to land millions of years ago, a new study
shows.
The
Mangrove Rivulus, a type of small tropical killifish, seeks refuge in
shallow pools of water in crab caves, nut shells or even old beer cans in the
tropical mangrove swamps of Belize,
the United States and Brazil.
When
their living place dries up, they group together on the land in hollowed logs (圓木) and breathe air through their
skin instead of their gills (腮) until they can find water again. The fish, whose scientific name
is Rivulus Marmoratus, can grow as large as three inches.
The
scientific breakthrough came after a trip to Belize.
“We
kicked over a log and the fish just came dropping out,” Taylor
told Reuters in neighboring Guatemala
by telephone. He said he will publish his study on the fish in The American
Naturalist journal early next year.
In
lab tests, Taylor said he found the fish can survive for up to 66 days out of
water without eating, and their metabolism(新陳代謝) keeps functioning.
Some
other fish can survive briefly out of water. The walking catfish found in
Southeast Asia can move about over land for hours at a time, while lungfish
found in Australia, Africa
and South America can survive out of water,
but only in a sleeping state.
No
other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and remain
active, according to Patricia Wright, a biologist at Canada's University of
Guelph.
“These
animals live in an environment that is similar to conditions that existed
millions of years ago, when animals began making the evolution(進化) from water onto land,” she said.
71.The
underlined word “refuge” in paragraph 2 probably refers to “ ”.
A.shelter B.food C.water D.companion
72.The writer
mentions the catfish and lungfish in the passage with the aim to .
A.tell us that the Mangrove Rivulus
is much larger
B.show that there are many other fish
that can live out of water
C.make a comparison with the Mangrove
Rivulus
D.tell us that there is a long way
ahead in the study about fish
73.How does the
scientific breakthrough about Rivulus come out?
A.Scientists found it accidentally
and made some experiments.
B.Local people in mangrove swamps
across the Americas
discovered it.
C.Reuters reporter offered the news
to a scientist by telephone.
D.Lab study shows scientists its
living place.
74.The Mangrove
Rivulus is quite different from other fish because it can .
A.live for a period of time out of
water without eating
B.breathe with their lung in a
sleeping state
C.grow as large as three inches
D.survive out of water much longer
and remain active
75.What does the
last sentence of the passage imply?
A.The fish can live a life as long as
millions of years.
B.The fish will be helpful in
studying the evolution of animals.
C.The environment on earth is still
the same as it was millions of years ago.
D.Animals begin making evolution from
water onto land nowadays.
第Ⅱ卷(共45分)
第四部分:書面表達(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)
第一節(jié) 閱讀表達(共5小題,每小題3分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面的短文,并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題。(請注意問題后的字數(shù)要求)
Most
people agree that the direct American personality is a virtue, but it sometimes
surprises foreigners. In many cultures, respect for older people or those in
positions of authority keeps others from expressing their true feelings.
But in the US, children often argue with their parents, students may disagree
with their teachers, and citizens may express opposition to the actions of the
government. If the soup has a fly in it or the meat is too tough to chew, the diner can
complain to the waiter, if the boss makes a mistake, an employee will politely
point it out.
Some
straight talk about the American character must include the admission that
Americans have their faults. The extremely competitive nature of Americans is
probably their worst fault. Although sometimes it may promote excellence by
encouraging individuals and businesses to try to do their best, the desire to
get ahead of others sometimes causes people to do things that are unkind and
even dishonest. Also, Americans admire what is practical, fast, efficient, and
fresh. Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices that have
greater respect for more traditional, leisurely ways of doing things. On the
other hand, people from other cultures may dislike the practical, challenging
American lifestyle.
Despite
culture differences, most foreigners give Americans credit for their virtues.
Americans are generally viewed as friendly and energetic. Most newcomers to the
U.S. like Americans, and the feeling is usually mutual(相互的). Perhaps the greatest American
virtue is a deep interest in new ideas and new people. In a nation of
immigrants, the foreigner does not remain an outsider for long.
76.What American
virtues can we learn from the passage? (List three within 10 words)
(1)
(2)
(3)
77.For what
purpose does the writer give us some examples in the first Paragaph ?(Please
answer
within
10 words)
78.What does the
writer mainly talk about in Paragraph 2? (Please answer within 10 words)
79.Which
sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
Most
immigrants think highly of the American virtues although they are different in
culture.
80.Translate the
underlined sentence in the first Paragraph into Chinese.
第二節(jié):寫作(滿分30分)
調(diào)查顯示,近幾年我國中學生的健康狀況不容樂觀,近視眼、肥胖和體質(zhì)弱等情況比較普遍。請分析造成此狀況的原因及其危害,并提出改進措施。
參 考 答 案
1―5 BBCCA 6―10 ACABA 11―15 CACBA 16―20 ABACB
21―25BDCBA 26―30 AABDC 31―35 BACAC 36―40 DACBA
41―45BBCDC 46―50 BCAAC 51―55 DACAD 56―60 DBACA
61―65BBCCB 66―70 AABCD 71―75 ACADB
閱讀表達
76.friendly;
adaptable; energetic; kind ? hearted; direct; curious
(答出其中三種即可,不根據(jù)原文回答者不得分)
77.To show the
direct American personality.
78.Americans
have their faults. / The extremely competitive nature of Americans is their
worst
fault.
79.Despite
culture differences, most foreigners give Americans credit for their virtues.
80.在許多文化中,出于對長者或權(quán)威人士的尊敬,人們往往不能表達自己的真實感受。
寫作參考譯文:
Research
shows that middle school students’ health condition is declining obviously in
recent years. Most students are near ? sighted, some are weak or over ? weight
and many can’t reach the physical standard. It is absolutely true.
What
causes such problems? First, many students spend too much time before computers
or TV sets. Second, students have to prepare themselves for examinations in the
severe competing society. As a consequence, they spend most of their time on
their subjects. Third, many of them don’t form the habit of taking physical
exercise regularly.
It’s
necessary and crucial to find ways to improve students’ health condition. One
available way is to do physical exercises at least an hour every day. In
addition, a healthy diet is also contributive to it. At last, the schools
should take measures to reduce the heavy school ? work burdens of the students.
附:聽力錄音材料
1.M:Oh, dear, I feel hungry now. How
about you?
W:So do I. Let’s call room service.
Hello, room service? Please send a menu to 320 right now.
2.M:Do you think we can get there by night?
W:If the traffic lights are with us,
there should be no problem.
3.M:Emmy is r
試題詳情
河南省各地市高考模擬考試試題分類匯編(2)基本理論
1.(鄭州一模)下列有關(guān)判斷的依據(jù)不正確的是B
A.氧化還原反應(yīng):是否有元素化合價的變化
B.苯的同系物:分子中只含有苯環(huán)和烴基
C.化學平衡狀態(tài):平衡體系中各組分的質(zhì)量分數(shù)不再改變
D.離子化合物:是否含有離子鍵
6.(鄭州一模)下列各組離子可以大量共存于同一溶液中,且加入過量NaOH溶液或過量稀硫酸時都能產(chǎn)生白色沉淀的是 C
A.Ba2+、Mg2+、NO3-、CO32- B.Na+、Al3+、Cl-、Ba2+
C.K+、Ba2+、Cl-、HCO3- D.H+、Ba2+、Fe2+、NO3-
7.(鄭州一模)下列離子方程式書寫正確的是D
A.在Fe(OH)3膠體中加入HI溶液:Fe(OH)3 + 3H+ == Fe3+ + 3H2O
B.在稀氨水中通入少量CO2:NH3•H2O + CO2 == NH4+ + HCO3-
C.向澄清石灰水中加入足量NaHCO3溶液:
Ca2+ + OH- + HCO3-
== CaCO3↓+ H2O
D.在酸性KMnO4溶液中加入H2O2:
2MnO4-
+ 5H2O2 + 6H+
== 2Mn2+ + 5O2↑+ 8H2O
8.(鄭州二模)下列離子方程式正確的是C
A.把CO2通入CaCl2溶液:Ca2++CO2+H2O==CaCO3↓+2H+
B.Al和NaOH溶液反應(yīng):Al+2OH-=AlO-2+H2↑
C.把SO2通入酸性KmnO4溶液中:5SO2+2MnO-4+2H2O=5SO2-4+2Mn2++4H+
D.NaAlO2溶液中通入過量CO2氣體:2AlO-2+CO2+3H2O=2Al(OH)3↓+CO32-
9.(洛陽二模)鐵溶于一定濃度的硝酸溶液時,發(fā)生反應(yīng)的離子方程式為:
下列有關(guān)推斷中,不正確的是D
A.
B.反就中每消耗,轉(zhuǎn)移電子
C.的氧化性大于
D.當不變時,隨著的增大而增大
6.(商丘期末)在下列溶液中,各組離子一定能夠大量共存的是C
A.能使酚酞試液變紅的溶液中:Na+、Cl-、SO42-、Fe3+
B.能使紫色石蕊試液變紅的溶液中:Fe2+、Mg2+、NO3-、Cl-
C.由水電離的c(H+)水=10-12mol?L-1的溶液中:K+、Ba2+、Cl-、Br-
D.碳酸氫鈉溶液中:K+、SO42-、Cl-、H+
8.(商丘期末)金屬銅的提煉多從黃銅礦開始,黃銅礦的熔燒過程主要反應(yīng)之一為:
2CuFeS2+ O2=
+2FeS+ SO2 下列說法正確的是:D
A.CuFeS2僅作還原劑
B.方框中的物質(zhì)應(yīng)是CuS
C.若有1mol
O2參加反應(yīng),則反應(yīng)中有4mol電子轉(zhuǎn)移
D.SO2既是氧化產(chǎn)物,又是還原產(chǎn)物
9.(商丘期末)下列反應(yīng)的離子方程式書寫正確的是C
A.過量的碳酸氫鈉溶液與Ba(OH)2溶液反應(yīng):
HCO3-+Ba2++OH- ==== BaCO3↓+H2O
B.氨水中通入過量二氧化硫:2NH3?H2O
+ SO2 ==== 2 NH4++
SO32-+ H2O
C.向KI與稀硫酸的混合溶液中通入氧氣:4H++O2+4I-===2I2+2H2O
D.苯酚鈉溶液中通入少量CO2:CO2 + H2O+ 2C6H5O- → 2C6H5OH + 2CO32-
8.(商丘一模)溶液中有如下反應(yīng)(未配平):
FeSO4+NaClO3+H2SO4→Fe2(SO4)3+NaCl+H2O;有關(guān)敘述正確的是:D
A. 當有1mol電子轉(zhuǎn)移時,消耗硫酸1mol
B. 消耗3mol Fe2+,有0.5mol ClO3―被氧化
C. 反應(yīng)中氧化劑和還原劑物質(zhì)的量之比為6:1
D. 若用濃HNO3 代替NaClO3,當生成等量的Fe3+時,n(HNO3)>n(NaClO3)
11.(商丘一模)下列離子方程式書寫正確的是D
A.在Fe(OH)3膠體中加入HI溶液:Fe(OH)3 + 3H+ == Fe3+ + 3H2O
B.在稀氨水中通入少量CO2:NH3•H2O + CO2 == NH4+
+ HCO3-
C.向澄清石灰水中加入足量NaHCO3溶液:
Ca2+ + OH- + HCO3-
== CaCO3↓+ H2O
D.在酸性KMnO4溶液中加入H2O2:
2MnO4- + 5H2O2 + 6H+ == 2Mn2+
+ 5O2↑+ 8H2O
8.(全省大聯(lián)考)下列離子方程式的書寫正確的是B
A.在氫氧化鈉溶液中通入少量二氧化硫:SO2+OH-
B.在碳酸氫鈉溶液中加入足量氫氧化鋇溶液:
+Ba2++OH-BaCO3↓+H2O
C.將鹽酸滴入氨水中:H++OH-H2O
D.將鋁片加入到濃燒堿溶液中:Al+2OH-+H2↑
7. (省示范性高中2月調(diào)研)下列各組離子中,加入鹽酸或NaOH溶液都能大量共存的是C
A. B.
C. D.
8.(省示范性高中2月調(diào)研)下列離子方程式中,只能表示一個化學反應(yīng)的是D
①CO32-+2H+==CO2↑+H2O 、贐a2++2OH-+2H++SO==BaSO4+2H2O
③Cl-+Ag+==AgCl↓ 、蹻e + Cu2+ == Fe2+ + Cu
⑤Cl2+H2O=H++Cl-+HClO
A.①③ B.②④ C.②⑤ D.只有⑤
9. (省示范性高中2月調(diào)研)具有強氧化性的高鐵酸鹽是公認的綠色、高效的水處理劑,其制備方法可以表示為,關(guān)于該反應(yīng)下列說法中正確的是B
A.M代表H+ B.是氧化產(chǎn)物
C.ClO-在反應(yīng)中被氧化 D.生成l mol 時共轉(zhuǎn)移l.5 mol電子
8.(鄭州一中開封高中洛陽一高信陽高中聯(lián)考)下列離子方程式書寫正確的是D
A.硫化鈉水解:S2― + 2H2O = H2S + 2OH一
B.過量CO2通入Ca (ClO)2溶液中:CO2
+ H2O + Ca2+ =CaCO3↓ + 2H+ C.氯化鋁溶液中加入過量氨水:Al3+ + 4 NH3?H2O = AlO2一+ 4NH4+ + 2 H2O學D.NH4HSO4溶液中加入等物質(zhì)的量的Ba (OH)2 :
NH4+ + H+ + SO42一+ Ba2+ + 2OH一 = NH3?H2O
+ BaSO4↓+ H2O
11.(鄭州一中開封高中洛陽一高信陽高中聯(lián)考)已知:
CH3 (CH2 )2CH3
(g)+O2 (g) =4CO2 (g) + 5 H2O (l);△H=-2878kJ?mol-1
(CH3)2CHCH3 (g) +O2 (g) =4CO2 (g) + 5 H2O (l);△H =-2869 kJ?mol-1
下列說法正確的是 B
A.正丁烷的燃燒熱為一2878kJ?mol一1
B.正丁烷分子所具有的能量大于異丁烷分子
C.等量的異丁烷分子中碳氫鍵比正丁烷的多
D.異丁烷轉(zhuǎn)化為正丁烷的過程是一個放熱過程
7.(商丘市一高月考)下列方程式書寫正確的是 B
A.FeI2溶液中通入少量Cl2:2Fe2++2I-+2Cl2=2Fe3++I2+4Cl-
B.1L0.5mol?L-1稀硫酸與1L1mol?L-1氫氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng)放出57.3kJ的熱量:
H2SO4(aq) +
2NaOH(aq) = Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O (l);△H=-114.6 kJ?mol-1
C.向碳酸氫鎂溶液中加入過量的澄清石灰水
Mg2+ +2HCO +Ca2+
+2OH-==MgCO3↓+CaCO3↓+2H2O
D.硫化鈉水解:S2-+2H2O H2S+2OH-
8.(商丘市一高月考)常溫下,下列各組離子,在所給條件下能夠大量共存的是A
A.pH=0的溶液中,F(xiàn)e3+、Mg2+、、Cl-、SO42-
B.水電離出的c(H+)=1×10-10的溶液中,K+、HCO3-、Na+、S2-
C.使pH試紙顯深藍色的溶液中,Cu2+、Fe3+、NO3-、SO42-
D.能與金屬鋁反應(yīng)放出氫氣的溶液:Mg2+、SO42-、N03-、Na+
9.(鄭州二模)有Fe2+、NO-3、Fe3+、NH+4、H+和H2O六種粒子,分別屬于同一個氧化還原反應(yīng)中的反應(yīng)物和生成物。下列敘述正確的是D
A.反應(yīng)中NH+4被氧化
B.氧化劑與還原劑的物質(zhì)的量之比為8:1
C.若有10molH+參加反應(yīng),則生成的水的物質(zhì)的量為5mol
D.生成物中加入KSCN溶液后變紅色
7.(羅山高中月考)某溶液中存在XO3?,且X為短周期元素,則一定能在該溶液中大量共存的離子組是D
A.Na+、H+、SO42?、I?
B.Na+、Ca2+、CO32?、Al3+
C.Na+、K+、Fe2+、H+
D.K+、SO42?、Cl?、CO32?
8、(焦作一模)下列各組離子中,加入鹽酸或NaOH溶液都能大量共存的離子組是C
A.Al3+、K+、HC、
B. Na+、Cl-、SO42- 、
C.Na+ 、、、
D.Na+ 、K+、Fe2+、NO3-
2. (開封五縣五校聯(lián)考)能正確表示下列反應(yīng)的離子方程式是A
A.足量硫酸鋁與純堿反應(yīng):
B.硫酸銅與燒堿反應(yīng):
C.苯酚與碳酸鈉反應(yīng):
D.碳酸鋇與硫酸反應(yīng):
7、(平頂山許昌新鄉(xiāng)二模)下無各溶液中能大量共存的離子組是( A )
A.c(H+)=10-14mol/L的溶液中:Na+、AlO2-、S2-、SO32-
B.使pH試紙呈紅色有溶液中:Fe2+ I-、NO3-、Cl+
C.碳酸氫鈉溶液中:K+、SO42-、Cl-、H+
D.使酚酞試液呈紅色的溶液中:Mg2+、Cu2+、SO42-、K+
9.(洛陽調(diào)研)下列各組離子在給定條件下能大量共存的是D
A.在pH=1的溶液中:NH4+、K+、ClO-、Cl-
B.有SO42-存在的溶液中:Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、I-
C.有NO3-存在的強酸性溶液中:NH4+、Ba2+、Fe2+、Br-
D.在c(H+)=1.0×10-13 mol/L的溶液中:Na+、S2-、AlO2-、SO32-
12.(洛陽調(diào)研)下列離方程式書寫正確的是B
A.石灰乳與Na2CO3溶液混合:Ca2++CO32-=CaCO3
B.NH4HSO3溶液與足量的NaOH溶液混合加熱:
NH4++HSO3-+2OH-NH3+SO32-+2H2O
C.酸性條件下KIO3溶液與KI溶液發(fā)生反應(yīng)生成I2:
IO3-+5I-+3H2O=3I2+6OH-
D.AgNO3溶液中加入過量的氨水:Ag++NH3?H2O=AgOH +NH4+
18.(洛陽調(diào)研)T ℃時,N2與H2反應(yīng)生成NH3,其能量變化如圖(Ⅰ)所示。若保持其他條件不變,溫度分別為T1 ℃和T2 ℃時,H2的體積分數(shù)與時間的關(guān)系如圖(Ⅱ)所示。則下列結(jié)論正確的是B
A.該反應(yīng)的熱化學方程式:N2(g)+H2(g)=NH3(g);△H=(a+b)
kJ/mol
B.該反應(yīng)的熱化學方程式:N2(g)+3H2(g)=2NH3(1);△H=2(a-b-c) kJ/mol
C.T1<T2,且正反應(yīng)為放熱反應(yīng)
D.其他條件不變,升高溫度,正、逆反應(yīng)速率均增大,且H2的轉(zhuǎn)化率增大
3.(洛陽一模)已知:H2(g)+F2(g)= 2HF(g);△H=-270 kJ/mol,下列說法正確的是 C
A.2 L HF氣體分解成1 L的H2和1 L的F2吸收270 kJ熱量
B.1 mol H2與1 mol F2反應(yīng)生成2 mol液態(tài)HF放出的熱量小于270
kJ
C.在相同條件下,1 mol H2與1 mol F2的能量總和大于2 mol
HF氣體的能量
D.1個H2分子與1個F2分子反應(yīng)生成2個HF分子放出270 kJ
10.(洛陽一模)下列反應(yīng)的離子方程式書寫正確的是C
A.鐵屑溶于足量稀硝酸:Fe+4H++NO3-=Fe2++NO↑+2H2O
B.碳酸氫鈣溶液中加入足量燒堿溶液:Ca2++HCO3-+OH-=CaCO3↓+H2O
C.金屬鈉溶于足量水中:2Na+2H2O=2Na++H2↑+2OH-
D.氫氧化鈉溶液中通入足量CO2:2OH-+CO2=CO32-+H2O
8.(信陽一模)下列各組離子在溶液中既可以大量共存,且加入氨水后,也不產(chǎn)生沉淀的是 (
D )
A.Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、HCO3- B.H+、NH4+、Al3+、SO42-
C.H+、Cl-、CH3COO-、NO3- D.K+、AlO2-、NO3-、OH-
10.(信陽一模)下列離子方程式書寫正確且表示的是復(fù)分解反應(yīng)的是( B )
A.向硫代硫酸鈉溶液中滴加稀硫酸:2H++S2O32-=S↓+SO2↑+H2O
B.等物質(zhì)的量濃度的氯化鋁溶液與燒堿溶液按體積比1:4混合:
Al3++4OH-=AlO2-+2H2O
20081104 D.向硫酸銨溶液中滴加氫氧化鋇溶液:Ba2++SO42-=BaSO4↓ 5、(周口期末)下列化學反應(yīng)的離子方程式正確的是A A、向Ba(OH):溶液中滴加NH4HS04溶液至剛好沉淀完全: Ba2++2OH-+NH4++H++SO42-=BaSO4↓+NH3?H2O+H2O B、苯酚鈉溶液通人二氧化碳氣體:2C6H5O- + CO2+ H2O=CO32-+
2C6H5OH C、將少量S02氣體通入足量的NaCIO溶液中:SO2+2ClO-+H2O=SO32-+2HClO D、稀硝酸中加入過量的鐵屑:3Fe+8H++2NO3-=3Fe3++2NO↑+4H2O 3.(駐馬店二模)下列圖中,能正確表示A(g)+3B(g)2C(g);△H<0反應(yīng)過程的能量變化的是B 能量
能量
能量
能量 反應(yīng)過程
反應(yīng)過程
反應(yīng)過程
反應(yīng)過程 A.
B.
C. D. 5.(駐馬店二模)下列反應(yīng)的離子方程式書寫正確的是D A.鹽酸滴入氨水中:H++OH一=H2O B.Na2S的水解反應(yīng):S2-+2H2O=H2S↑+2OH― C.在碳酸氫鎂溶液中加入足量Ca(OH)2溶液: Mg2++2HCO3-+Ca2++2OH一=MgCO3↓+CaCO3↓+2H2O D.銅片插入硝酸銀溶液中:Cu+2Ag+=Cu2++2Ag 6.(駐馬店二模)下列各組離子,在所給的條件下能夠大量共存的是D A.在pH=0的溶液中:Fe2+、Mg2+、SO42-、NO3- B.由水電離出的c(H+)=1×10―12mol/L的溶液中:HCO3-、K+、Na+、S2一 C.在A1C13溶液中:SO32-、Na+、CO32-、AlO2- D.在滴加酚酞試液后呈紅色的溶液中:I一、Na+、S2-、AlO2- 7.(駐馬店二模)用干燥的高錳酸鉀可以制得極純而干燥的氧氣:KMnO4→MnO2+K2O+O2(240℃)。下列說法不正確的是D A.在此條件下,KMnO4的氧化性強于O2 B.相同質(zhì)量的KMnO4分解,發(fā)生上述反應(yīng)比生成K2MnO4的反應(yīng)放出更多氧氣 C.O2是氧化產(chǎn)物,MnO2是還原產(chǎn)物 D.每生成11.2L氧氣一定轉(zhuǎn)移了2mol電子 10.(豫南七校期末)化學用語是學習化學的重要工具。下列用來表示物質(zhì)變化的化學用語中正確的是( C ) A.K37C1O3與濃鹽酸(HC1)在加熱條件時生成氯氣的化學方程式: K37C1O3+6HC1=K37C1+3C12↑+3H2O B.表示氫氣燃燒的熱化學方程式:H2(g)+1/2O2(g)=H2O(g);△H=-241.8kJ/mol C.將1mL―2mL氯化鐵飽和溶液滴加到20mL沸水中所發(fā)生反應(yīng)的離子方程式: Fe3++3H2OFe(OH)3(膠體)+3H+ D.NH4HCO3溶液與過量NaOH溶液反應(yīng):NH4++OH―=NH3↑+H2O 11、(豫南七校期末)下列各組離子能在指定溶液中,大量共存的是:(C ) ①無色溶液中:K+,Cl―,Na+,H2PO4―,PO43―,SO42― ②使PH=11的溶液中:CO32―,Na+,AlO2―,NO3―,S2―,SO32― ③水電離的H+濃度C(H+)=10―12mol?L―1的溶液中: Cl―,HCO3―,NO3―,NH4+,S2O32― ④加入Mg能放出H2的溶液中:Mg2+,NH4+,Cl―,K+,SO42― ⑤使甲基橙變紅的溶液中:Fe3+,MnO4―,NO3―,Na+,SO42―
http://www.tesoon.com A ①②⑤ B ①③⑥ C ②④⑤ D ①②④ 12.(豫南七校期末)有Fe2+?NO3-?NH4+?Fe3+、H+ 和H2O六種微粒,分別屬于一個氧化還原反應(yīng)中的反應(yīng)物和生成物,下列敘述錯誤的是( A ) A.氧化劑與還原劑的物質(zhì)的量之比為8:1
B.還原產(chǎn)物為NH4+ C.若有1mol NO3-參加還原反應(yīng),則轉(zhuǎn)移8mole- D.若把該反應(yīng)設(shè)計為原電池,則負極反應(yīng)為Fe2+―e-= Fe3+ 7.(平頂山調(diào)研)下列離子方程式中正確的是A A.氫氧化鈉溶液吸收過量的二氧化碳:OH-+CO2 = HCO3- B.亞硫酸氫銨溶液與足量氫氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng):HSO3-+ OH-= SO32-+ H2O C.氯氣通入冷水中:Cl2 +H2O
= Cl- +ClO- +2H+ D.碳酸鎂懸濁液中加醋酸:CO32-+2CH3COOH =
2CH3COO-+CO2↑+H2O 8.(平頂山調(diào)研)一定能在下列溶液中大量共存的離子組是 B A.水電離產(chǎn)生的H+濃度為1×10―12mol/L的溶液:NH、Na+、Cl―、HCO B.能使pH試紙變深藍色的溶液:Na+、AlO、S2-、CO C.含有大量Fe3+的溶液:SCN-、I―、K+、Br― D.澄清透明的無色溶液:ClO―、MnO、Al3+、SO 3.(南陽期中)下列反應(yīng)的離子方程式正確的是( B ) ①硫酸銅溶液與氫氧化鋇溶液反應(yīng):Ba2++SO42-=BaSO4↓ ②將金屬鈉加入水中:2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH-+H2↑
③石灰石溶于稀醋酸:CaCO3+2CH3COOH=2CH3COO-+Ca2++CO2↑+H2O
④氟氣與水反應(yīng):F2+H2O=H++F-+HFO
⑤小蘇打溶液中加入少量石灰水:Ca2++2OH- +2HCO3-=CaCO3↓+CO32-+2H2O
⑥次氯酸鈣溶液中通入過量CO2:
Ca2++2ClO-+CO2+H2O=CaCO3↓+2HClO ⑦鈉與硫酸銅溶液反應(yīng):
Cu2++2Na=Cu+2Na+ ⑧氯氣與水反應(yīng):Cl2+H2O=2H++Cl-+ClO- ⑨純堿溶液中滴加少量鹽酸:
CO32-+H+= HCO3- A.①②⑤⑨
B.⑨③⑤⑨ C.④⑤⑥⑦ D.②③⑧⑨ 4.(南陽期中)硫代硫酸鈉可作為脫硫劑,已知25.0mL 0.100mol/LNa2S2O3溶液恰好把224mL(標準狀況下)Cl2完全轉(zhuǎn)化為Cl-離子,則S2O32-離子將轉(zhuǎn)化成( D
) A.S2-
B.S
C.SO32-
D.SO42- 5.(南陽期中)某一無色溶液,若向其中加入足量飽和氯水,溶液呈橙黃色;再向橙黃色溶液中滴加BaCl2溶液,產(chǎn)生白色沉淀;若向原溶液中加入鋁粉,有氣體放出.則該溶液中可能大量存在的一組離子是( B ) A.K+.H+.NO3-.Na+
B. H+.Br-.SO42-.Na+ C.SO42-.Br-.OH-.Fe3+
D. H+.Br-.SO32-.K+ 6.(南陽期中)已知反應(yīng):①101Kpa時,2C(s)+O2(g)=2CO(g);△H=-221KJ/mol ②稀溶液中, H+
(aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O(l); △H=-57.3KJ/mol 下列結(jié)論正確的是( A ) A.碳的燃燒熱大于110.5KJ/mol
B.①的反應(yīng)熱為221KJ/mol C.稀硫酸與稀NaOH溶液反應(yīng)的中和熱為-57.3KJ/mol D.稀醋酸與稀NaOH溶液反應(yīng)生成1mol水,放出57.3KJ熱量 8.(省示范性高中聯(lián)考)向足量H2SO4溶液中加入100mL
0.4 mol?L―1 Ba(OH)2溶液,放出的熱量是5.12kJ。如果向足量Ba(OH)2溶液中加入100mL
0.4mol?L―1 HCl溶液時,放出的熱量為2.292kJ。則Na2SO4溶液與BaCl2溶液反應(yīng)的熱化學方程式及中和熱的有關(guān)敘述中正確的是 ( D ) A.中和熱△H=-57.3kJ?mol―1 B.稀的強酸與強堿反應(yīng)的中和熱為:△H=-128kJ?mol―1 C.Ba2+(aq)+SO42―(aq)=BaSO4(s);△H=-73kJ?mol―1 D.Ba2+(aq)+SO42―(aq)=BaSO4(s);△H=-13.4kJ?mol―1 10.(省示范性高中聯(lián)考)化學與數(shù)軸有密切的關(guān)系,將某些化學知識用數(shù)軸表示,可以收到直觀形象、簡明易記的良好效果。下列數(shù)軸表示的化學知識錯誤的是( D
) A.分散系的分類: B.氯化鋁溶液中滴加氫氧化鈉溶液后鋁元素的存在形式 C.鐵和稀硝酸反應(yīng)后溶液中鐵元素的存在形式 D.二氧化碳通入澄清的石灰水中反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物 4.(省示范性高中聯(lián)考)2008北京市公交車全部使用綠色能源,將會大大減少有害汽車尾氣排放量。乙醇是一種可再生的綠色能源,已知H2O(g)=H2O(l);△H1=-Q1 kJ/mol,C2H5OH(g)=C2H5OH(l);△H2=-Q2 kJ/mol C2H5OH(g)+3O2(g)=2CO2(g)+3H2O(g);△H3=-Q3 kJ/mol 若使23 g酒精液體完全燃燒,最后恢復(fù)到室溫,則放出的熱量(kJ)為 D A.Q1+Q2+Q3
B.0.5(Q1+Q2+Q3); C.0.5Q1-1.5Q2+0.5Q3 D.1.5Q1-0.5Q2+0.5Q3 5.(省示范性高中聯(lián)考)下列離子方程式書寫正確的是( D ) A.碳酸氫鈣溶液中加入過量的氫氧化鈉溶液:HCO3― + OH― = CO32― + H2O B.氯化鐵溶液中通入硫化氫氣體:2Fe3++S2- = 2Fe2+ + S↓ C.次氯酸鈣溶液中通人過量CO2:Ca2+ + 2ClO-+H2O+CO2 =CaCO3↓+2HClO D.氯化亞鐵溶液中加入硝酸:3Fe2+ + 4H+ + NO3― =
3Fe3+ + 2H2O + NO↑ 10.(省示范性高中聯(lián)考)下列各組離子在指定條件下,―定能大量共存的是( A
) ①能使紅色石蕊試紙變藍的溶液中:K+、Na+、CO32-、NO3-、AlO2- ②c(H+)=10―1mol/L的溶液中:Cu2+、Al3+、SO42―、NO3― ③能使碘化鉀淀粉試紙變藍的溶液中:Na+、NH4+、S2-、Br- ④水電離出的c(H+)=10-12mol/L的溶液中:Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42- ⑤在加入鋁粉能產(chǎn)生H2的溶液中:NH4+、Fe2+、SO42-、NO3- ⑥在含大量Fe3+的溶液中:NH4+、Na+、Cl-、SCN- A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.②⑤⑥ 26.(許昌新鄉(xiāng)一模)(12分) (1)已知硫酸錳(MnSO4)和過硫酸鉀(K2S2O8)兩種鹽溶液在銀離子催化下可發(fā)生氧化還原反應(yīng),生成高錳酸鉀、硫酸鉀和硫酸。此反應(yīng)的還原劑是
,此反應(yīng)中的l mol氧化劑轉(zhuǎn)移電子的物質(zhì)的量為
。請寫出并配平上述反應(yīng)的化學方程式
(2)有關(guān)高錳酸鉀參與的某個反應(yīng)如下: KMnO4+KI+H2SO4MnSO4+I2+KIO3+K2SO4+H2O ①該反應(yīng)的氧化劑是
。如果該反應(yīng)方程式中I2和KIO3的化學計量數(shù)都是5,則H2O的化學計量數(shù)是
。 ②如果沒有對該方程式中的某些化學計量數(shù)作假定,可能的配平化學計量數(shù)有許多組,原因是
Ag (1)硫酸錳 2rnol 2MnSO4+5K2S2O8+8H2O====
2KMnO4+4K2SO4+8H2SO4 (2)①KMnO4 17 ②該反應(yīng)有兩種氧化產(chǎn)物,兩者的比例不同時,氧化劑及其它物質(zhì)的計量數(shù)就可能不同 27.(許昌新鄉(xiāng)一模)(12分) 過氧化氫在催化劑作用下可快速產(chǎn)生氧氣,它不僅是常用的消毒劑,還在航天和軍事工業(yè)上有重要的用途。 (1)寫出在過氧化氫溶液中加入MnO2粉末時,反應(yīng)的化學方程式 。 (2)常用的消毒劑CH3COOOH(過氧乙酸),可以用冰醋酸和過氧化氫反應(yīng)制取。制取時的化學反應(yīng)方程式為
。該消毒劑中含有的少量過氧化氫,可以用它與高錳酸鉀、次氯酸鈉等強氧化劑的反應(yīng)進行測定。請問,該消毒劑能否與漂粉精混合使用。   試題詳情
全國百所名校2009模擬精華重組文綜全國卷 地理沖刺卷(五) 注意事項: 1.答題前,考生務(wù)必用黑色碳素筆將自己的姓名、考號在答題卡上填寫清楚,并認真核準條形碼上的考號及姓名,在規(guī)定的位置上貼好條形碼。 2.每小題選出答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案的標號。答在試卷上的答案無效。 第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,共11小題,每小題4分,共44分。) 中國第25次南極考察隊于2008年10月20日從上海出發(fā),啟程前往南極執(zhí)行南極內(nèi)陸站―昆侖站(80°25′01″S,77°06′58″E)的建設(shè)。結(jié)合插圖,回答1―3題。
1.昆侖站位于南極冰蓋最高點冰穹-A(80°22′00″S,77°21′11″E) 方向。( ) A.西南
B.西北
C.東南
D.東北 2.科考隊員建完昆侖站后,于當?shù)貢r間20時55分升起了五星紅旗,此時旗桿的影子方向為( ) A.西南
B.東南 C.東北
D.西北 3.當昆侖站出現(xiàn)極晝且太陽高度為0°時,下列現(xiàn)象敘述正確的是( ) A.華北地區(qū)小麥處于收 B.北京時間為3時 C.北半球晝長夜短
D.晨昏線與地軸夾角接近于9°35′ 圖1所示景觀均為世界文化遺產(chǎn),回答4~6題。 甲―成都都江堰
乙―蘇州園林 丙―拉薩布達拉宮
丁―長城
圖1 4.甲所在商品糧基地農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主要不利條件是 A.地形崎嶇 B.光照較少
C.降水不足 D.積溫過高 5.資源短缺制約著乙所在工業(yè)基地的發(fā)展,下列工程中不能緩解上述問題的是 A. 南水北調(diào) B.西氣東輸 C.西電東送
D.北煤南運 6.有關(guān)各地自然環(huán)境特點或問題的敘述,正確的是 A.甲所在地形區(qū)燃煤多地形封閉酸雨較嚴重 B.乙所在地形區(qū)東臨太平洋地震活動較頻繁 C. 丙所在地形區(qū)海拔最高氣壓低光熱較充足 D. 丁沿線以北植被少降水多水土流失較普遍 讀我國某地區(qū)地形地貌示意圖,完成6-7題。 7.圖中河套平原被稱為“塞上江南”,與其附近地區(qū)相比,其發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的主要優(yōu)勢是( ) A.地形平坦 B.光照充足
C.引黃灌溉
D.市場廣闊 8.“敕勒川,陰山下。天似穹廬,籠蓋四野。天蒼蒼,野茫茫,風吹草低見牛羊!边@種自然之美,旅游主體應(yīng)注意( ) A.把握觀賞時機,遠眺
B.選擇特定位置,俯瞰 C.選擇適當距離,仰視 D.人在畫中游,以情觀景 右圖為某地等高線地形圖(單位:米)。讀圖回答題: 9.該地理事物是: A.水庫 B.梯田 C.沖積扇
D.沙灘 10.該地理事物最有可能位于: A.黃土高原 B.江南丘陵 C.東北平原 D.四川盆地 11.下列農(nóng)作物最有可能在該地理事物 上種植的是: A.水稻
B.甜菜 C.谷子 D.玉米 第Ⅱ卷(綜合題,共56分) 12. (36分)根據(jù)相關(guān)材料完成下列問題: 材料一 下圖。
(1)指出圖示區(qū)域積溫分布特點,并分析原因。(4分) 材料二 西寧地區(qū)有一首歌謠“古城氣候總無常,一日須攜四季裝。山下百花山上雪,日愁暴雨夜愁霜! (2)簡述歌謠反映出該地自然環(huán)境的主要特征。(3分) 材料三 西寧是一座具有2100多年歷史的高原古城,曾是古“絲綢之路”南路和“唐蕃古道”的必經(jīng)之地,成為西北交通要沖和軍事重鎮(zhèn)。 (3)簡要分析西寧的城市區(qū)位因素及其近年來的發(fā)展變化。(10分) 材料三 全國人口普查數(shù)據(jù)表 省區(qū) 年代 山東省 青海省 1990年 8439萬 446萬 2000年 9079萬 518萬 (4)青海省與同緯度的山東省相比,1990年至2000年人口增長率
(大、小)。根據(jù)兩省的現(xiàn)狀,可以推斷出青海省環(huán)境人口容量較小,列舉其主要影響因素。(10分) (5)依據(jù)圖文信息和所學地理知識,具體闡釋青海省經(jīng)濟發(fā)展條件。(9分) 13、.中央經(jīng)濟工作會議于2008年12月8―10日在北京召開,主要議題包括加快發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變,推進經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整和鞏固和發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟好形勢,保障農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給、促進農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收。高度重視糧食生產(chǎn)和主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給等,結(jié)合下列材料和圖,回答下列問題。 材料一:產(chǎn)業(yè)重心是區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值空間分布的重心。下圖示意中國三大產(chǎn)業(yè)重心的經(jīng)、緯度變化(不含臺灣、香港、澳門的統(tǒng)計資料)。 材料二:全國三大產(chǎn)業(yè)1-3季度產(chǎn)值比重及增長率示意圖
(1)讀圖連線(6分) A
① B
② C ③ (2)分析1986年到2002年我國產(chǎn)業(yè)重心變化規(guī)律(6分)。 (3)第一產(chǎn)業(yè)增長率較低,但農(nóng)業(yè)是基礎(chǔ),面對耕地緊張狀況,如何進行農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整?(8分) 試題詳情
第四課 能夠承受挫折 勇于開拓進。4) 測控時間:6分鐘 試題詳情
經(jīng)濟學十四個精品熱點解析
一、北京成功舉辦奧運會 1.經(jīng)濟意義。成功舉辦奧運會有利于改善北京等城市的自然環(huán)境和公共設(shè)施,為實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展打基礎(chǔ),促進生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展。 2.科學技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力。鳥巢體育場、“科技奧運”的一個重要體現(xiàn)。 3. 經(jīng)濟全球化和對外開放。 4.生產(chǎn)與消費辯證關(guān)系:生產(chǎn)決定消費對象;消費方式;質(zhì)量和水平;為消費創(chuàng)造動力。消費對生產(chǎn)起著重要的反作用,消費是生產(chǎn)的目的。消費是生產(chǎn)的動力。新消費出現(xiàn),能帶動相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的出現(xiàn)和成長。 5.財政的分類和巨大作用: 6.科學發(fā)展觀,第一要義是發(fā)展,核心是以人為本,基本要求是全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù),根本方法是統(tǒng)籌兼顧。我國提出“綠色奧運”的理念,符合科學發(fā)展觀的要求。 試題詳情
河南省各地市高考模擬考試試題分類匯編(1)基本概念 11、(平頂山許昌新鄉(xiāng)二模)設(shè)NA為阿伏加德羅常數(shù),下列說法正確的是( C ) A.標準狀況下,11.2LSO3所 含分子數(shù)為0.5NA B.1L濃度為1mol?L-1的Na2CO3溶液中含有NA個CO32- C.室溫下,8g甲烷含有共價健數(shù)為2NA D.標準狀況下,鋁跟氫氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng)生成1mol氫氣時,轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為2/3NA 3.(洛陽調(diào)研)非金屬氧化物采用不同的分類分方法可分為不同類別,從某種意義上,將N2O5、SO3、CO2、Cl2O7等歸為一類。則下列氧化物與它們屬于同一類的是D A.CO B.NO2 C.NO D.SO2 3.(鄭州一模)用NA表示阿伏伽德羅常數(shù),下列說法正確的是A A.在0℃,101kPa,1molSO3中含有NA個硫原子 B.1molC8H18分子中含有的共用電子對數(shù)為26NA C.0.5L0.1mol/LNH4Cl溶液中含NH4+離子的數(shù)目為0.05NA D.反應(yīng)KClO3 + 6HCl ==
KCl + 3Cl2↑+ 3H2O中,每生成1molCl2轉(zhuǎn)移的電子為2NA 7.(鄭州二模)下列選項中,可以用圖表示物質(zhì)或概念間的從屬關(guān)系的是B X Y
A 純凈物 單質(zhì) 化合物 B 混合物 分散系 膠體 C 元素周期表的縱列 主族 副族 D 烴 苯的同系物 苯乙烯 6.(商丘二模)阿伏加德羅常數(shù)約為6.02×1023mol-1,下列敘述中正確的是B A.將含有NO2和N2O4分子數(shù)共約6.02×1023個的混合氣體溫度降至標準狀況時,其體積約為22.4L B.在1 L
lmol?L-1的氨水中,含有的NH3與NH3?H2O分子的總數(shù)小于6.02×1023個。 C.0.05mol C5H12分子中所含共價鍵的數(shù)目約為6.02×1023個 D.在l
mol SiO2晶體中含有共價鍵的數(shù)目約為2×6.02×1023個 7.(商丘期末)NA表示阿佛加德羅常數(shù)。下列說法中正確的是B A.200mL1mol?L-1Fe2(SO4)3溶液中,F(xiàn)e3+和SO42-離子數(shù)的總和是NA B.O2和O3的混合物共4.8g,其中所含氧原子數(shù)一定為0.3NA C.標準狀況下,22.4LNO和11.2LO2混合后氣體的分子總數(shù)為1.5NA D.在常溫常壓下,0.1molFe與0.1molCl2充分反應(yīng),轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)約為0.3NA 4.(商丘一模)下列條件下,兩瓶氣體所含的原子數(shù)一定相等的是A ①同質(zhì)量不同密度的CO和N2 ②同溫同體積的H2和Cl2 ③同體積同密度的C2H4和C3H6 ④同壓同體積的N2O和CO2 A.①③ B.
①② C.
②④ D.
③④ 15.(商丘一模)類比是研究物質(zhì)性質(zhì)的常用方法之一,可預(yù)測許多物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)。但類比是相對的,不能違背客觀事實。下列各種類比推測的說法中正確的是C ①已知Fe與S能直接化合生成FeS,推測Cu與S可直接化合生成CuS ②已知CaCO3與稀硝酸反應(yīng)生成CO2,推測CaSO3與稀硝酸反應(yīng)生成SO2 ③已知CO2分子是直線型結(jié)構(gòu),推測CS2分子也是直線型結(jié)構(gòu) ④已知Fe與CuSO4溶液反應(yīng),推測Fe與AgNO3溶液也能反應(yīng) ⑤已知NaOH是強電解質(zhì),其飽和溶液導(dǎo)電能力很強,Ca(OH)2也是強電解質(zhì),推測其飽和溶液導(dǎo)電能力也很強 A.①③④
B.①②⑤ C.③④ D.③④⑤ 7.(全省大聯(lián)考)設(shè)NA表示阿伏加德羅常數(shù),下列敘述中正確的是D A.常溫常壓下,20 g D2O和足量的金屬鈉反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生氣體的分子數(shù)為0.1NA B.1
molNa2O2與足量的水反應(yīng),轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為2NA C.1
mol金剛石中含有的共價鍵數(shù)目為4NA D.常溫常壓下,62 g白磷分子( )中的共價鍵數(shù)為3NA 7.(六市大聯(lián)考)下列說法中正確的是(NA為阿伏加德羅常數(shù))B A.1.5gCH+3 中含有的電子數(shù)NA B.64g CaC2晶體中所含陰陽離子個數(shù)為2NA C.4.48L氨氣中一定含有0.6 NA個N―H鍵 D.常溫下,100mL 1mol/L AlCl3溶液中陽離子總數(shù)等于0.1 NA 7.(鄭州一中開封高中洛陽一高信陽高中聯(lián)考)設(shè)
NA表示阿伏加德羅常數(shù)的值。下列說法正確的是C A.常溫常壓下,100mL0 . 1 mol?L―1,
HCOOH 溶液中含 H+數(shù)目為
0 . 0lNA B.標準狀況下,22 . 4L
氯仿所含的分子數(shù)為 NA C.室溫下,42 . 0g 乙烯和丙烯的混合氣體中含有的碳原子數(shù)為 3NA D.一定條件下,向密閉容器中加入l
mol N2和3molH2,反應(yīng)結(jié)束后,轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為6NA 6.(商丘市一高月考)設(shè)NA為阿伏加德羅常數(shù)的值,下列敘述中正確的是C 學A.12g石墨中含有的碳碳鍵數(shù)目為3NA科 B.電解飽和食鹽水時,陽極上生成22.4L氣體時轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為2NA C.31gP4單質(zhì)中含有的P―P鍵個數(shù)為1.5NA科 D.1molFeCl3與水完全反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為氫氧化鐵膠體后,其中膠體粒子的數(shù)目為NA學 8.(羅山高中月考)NA表示阿伏加德羅常數(shù),下列說法中正確的是B A.0.1mol乙烷含有共用電子對為0.6NA B.0.6gCaCO3與KHCO3的混合物中所含質(zhì)子數(shù)為0.3NA C.1mol金剛石晶體中共含有C―C鍵總數(shù)為4NA D.80mL
10mol?L-1濃鹽酸與足量MnO2反應(yīng),轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)為0.4NA 2.(開封調(diào)研)NA表示阿伏加德羅常數(shù),下列說法正確的是B A.在1L
1mol?L-1的AlCl3溶液中,Al3+和Cl-離子總數(shù)為4NA B.活潑金屬從鹽酸中置換出1 molH2,發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為2NA C.MnO2與濃鹽酸反應(yīng)制Cl2時,當有0.4NAHCl參加反應(yīng)時,生成Cl2的體積約為2.24L D.1mol氦氣含有的電子數(shù)為4NA 3. (開封五縣五校聯(lián)考)設(shè)NA代表阿伏加德羅常數(shù)的值,下列說法一定錯誤的是D A.1 mol鐵與一定量的濃硝酸反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移的電子為2 NA B.1 mol HNO3見光分解,轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)為NA C.46 g NO2和N2O4混合物含有的原子數(shù)為3 NA D.常溫下,1 mol N2H4中含有6 NA對共用電子對 9.(平頂山一模)下列說法正確的是B 學①標準狀況下,22.4L已烯含有的分子數(shù)約為6.02×1023 ②標準狀況下,aL的氧氣和氮氣的混合物含有的分子數(shù)約為×6.02×1023③7.1g氯氣與足量的氫氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)約為0.2×6.02×1023 ④60 g SiO2晶體中含有2×6.02×1023個Si―O鍵 ⑤1mol乙醇中含有的共價鍵數(shù)約為7×6.02×1023 ⑥500mL 1 mol/L的硫酸鋁溶液中含有的硫酸根離子數(shù)約為1.5×6.02×1023A.①④ B.②⑥ C.③⑤ D.②⑤5.(平頂山一模)中學化學課本中有大量的數(shù)據(jù)材料,下面是某學生對數(shù)據(jù)的利用情況,其中錯誤的是A A.利用液體密度可以判斷液體物質(zhì)揮發(fā)性的難易 B.利用沸點數(shù)據(jù)可推測將一些液體混合物分離開來的可能性 C.利用固體溶解度數(shù)據(jù)可判斷BaCl2與Na2SO4溶液能否反應(yīng) D.由原子(或離子)半徑數(shù)據(jù)可推斷某些原子(或離子)的氧化性或還原性強弱學12.(洛陽一模)三聚氰胺[C3N3(NH2)3]是一種重要的有機化工原料。動物長期攝入三聚氰胺會造成生殖、泌尿系統(tǒng)的損害,膀胱、腎部結(jié)石,并可進一步誘發(fā)膀胱癌。它遇強酸或強堿水溶液會水解,胺基逐步被羥基取代,最后生成三聚氰酸[C3N3(OH)3]。三聚氰酸可用于消除汽車尾氣中的NO2。其反應(yīng)原理為:C3N3(OH)33HNCO; 8HNCO+6NO27N2+8CO2+4H2O,下列說法正確的是C A.C3N3(OH)3與HNCO為同一物質(zhì) B.HNCO是一種很強的氧化劑 C.1 mol NO2在反應(yīng)中得到的電子為4 mol D.反應(yīng)中CO2是氧化產(chǎn)物 15.(洛陽一模)在標準狀況下, m g A氣體與n g B氣體分子數(shù)相等,下列說法不正確的是D A.標準狀況下,同體積的氣體A和氣體B的質(zhì)量比m : n B.25 ℃時,1 kg氣體A與1 kg氣體B的分子數(shù)之比為n: m C.同溫同壓下,氣體A與氣體B的密度之比為m : n D.標準狀況下,等質(zhì)量的A與B的體積比為m : n 16.(洛陽一模)甲在常溫時為離子晶體,由X、Y兩種元素組成,在甲中Xm+和Yn?的電子結(jié)構(gòu)相同,甲、乙、丙、丁、戊之間有如下反應(yīng)關(guān)系 ①甲+H2O H2↑+乙+丙↑ ②H2
+ 丙 。怏w) ③乙+丙 甲+戊+H2O ④戊+丁
甲+己(酸性) 甲、戊、己依次是C A.NaCl、NaClO、HClO B.Na2S、Na2SO3、H2SO3 C.CaCl2、Ca(ClO)2、HClO D.K2S、K2SO3、H2SO4 17.(洛陽一模)在某澄清、透明的淺黃色溶液中,可能含有下列八種離子:H+、NH4+、Fe3+、Ba2+、Al3+、SO42-、HCO3-、I-,在檢驗方案設(shè)計時初步分析其溶液中最多可含離子(不包括OH-)有B A.4種 B.5種 C.6種 D.7種 4.(信陽一模)下列條件下,兩種氣體的分子數(shù)一定不相等的是( D ) A.相同質(zhì)量、不同密度的N2O和CO2 B.相同體積、相同密度的CO和C2H4 C.相同溫度、相同壓強、相同體積的O2和O3 D.相同壓強、相同體積、相同質(zhì)量的NO2和N2O4 6.(信陽一模)NA為阿伏加羅常數(shù),下列有關(guān)說法正確的是( D ) A.78g過氧化鈉晶體中,含2NA個陰離子 B.足量的銅與含2molH2SO4的濃硫酸充分反應(yīng),可生成NA個SO2分子 C.200mL5mol?L-1Na2CO3溶液中,含NA個CO32- D.1molCH3+中含有電子數(shù)為8NA 3、(周口期末)下列說法中,正確的是D A、不可能有非金屬單質(zhì)置換出金屬單質(zhì)的置換反應(yīng) B、僅由非金屬元素組成的化合物一定是共價化合物 C、能用同一通式表示的幾種物質(zhì)一定互為同系物 D、電能與化學能的相互轉(zhuǎn)化過程中一定有新物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生 7、(周口期末)下列關(guān)于膠體的敘述不正確的是A A、布朗運動是膠體粒子特有的運動方式,可以據(jù)此把膠體和溶液,懸濁液區(qū)別開來。 B、光線透過膠體時,膠體發(fā)生丁達爾現(xiàn)象。 C、用滲析的方法凈化膠體時,使用的半透模只能讓較小的分子、離子通過。 D、膠體粒子具有較大的表面積,能吸附陽離子或陰離子,故在電場作用下會產(chǎn)生電泳現(xiàn)象。 9、(周口期末)NA代表阿伏加德羅常數(shù),下列說法正確的是B A、標準狀況下,22.4LCCl4中含有氯原子數(shù)目為4NA B、7gCnH2n中含有的氫原子數(shù)目為NA C、常溫下,100mL0.1mol/L醋酸溶液中含醋酸分子為O.01NA D、一定條件下2mol二氧化硫和1mol氧氣混合,反應(yīng)時轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)為4NA 1.(駐馬店二模)下列有關(guān)化學用語正確的是:C A.氮氣的電子式:
B.CS2的電子式:S=C=S C.次氯酸鈣的化學式:Ca(C1O)2 D.臭氧的化學式:O 9.(駐馬店二模)NA表示阿伏加德羅常數(shù)。下列說法中正確的是D A.0.1mol NaHCO3粉末中離子總數(shù)為0.3NA B.電解食鹽水若產(chǎn)生1g H2,則產(chǎn)生OH一的數(shù)目為0.5NA C.標準狀況下,22.4L NO和11.2L O2混合后氣體的分子總數(shù)為1.5NA D.S2和S8的混合物共6.4g,其中所含硫原子數(shù)一定為0.2NA 2.(平頂山調(diào)研)FeCl3溶液、Fe(OH)3 膠體共同具備的性質(zhì)是C A.加入飽和的MgSO4溶液都發(fā)生聚沉 B.分散質(zhì)的粒子都不能通過半透膜 C.都比較穩(wěn)定,密封保存一段時間也都不會產(chǎn)生沉淀 D.加入硫酸先產(chǎn)生沉淀,后沉淀溶解
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例 氧化物 化合物 純凈物 A 苯 芳香烴 有機化合物 B 溶液 分散系 混合物 C 強電解質(zhì) 電解質(zhì) 化合物 D 置換反應(yīng) 氧化還原反應(yīng) 離子反應(yīng) 3.(豫南七校期末)下列各組物質(zhì)的分類正確的是 ( A ) A.同位素:H、D、T
B.非極性分子:C60、CO2、CH2C12
D.同系物: 8.(南陽期中)下列關(guān)于氧化物的各項敘述正確的是( D ) ①酸性氧化物肯定是非金屬氧化物;②非金屬氧化物肯定是酸性氧化物 ③堿性氧化物肯定是金屬氧化物; ④金屬氧化物都是堿性氧化物; ⑤酸性氧化物都可與水反應(yīng)生成相應(yīng)的酸; ⑥與水反應(yīng)生成酸的氧化物不一定是酸酐, 與水反應(yīng)生成堿的氧化物不一定是堿性氧化物; ⑦不能跟酸反應(yīng)的氧化物一定能跟堿反應(yīng); A.①②③④ B.⑤⑥⑦ C.②③⑥⑦ D.③⑥ 9.(南陽期中)設(shè)NA表示阿伏伽德羅常數(shù)的值, 下列敘述正確的是( D ) A.標準狀況下, NA個SO3分子所占的體積約為22.4L B.7.8gNa2O2固體中所含離子的總數(shù)為0.4NA C.1.8g重水(D2O)中所含質(zhì)子的數(shù)目為NA D.在常溫常壓下,46gNO2和N2O4混合物中所含原子的數(shù)目為3NA 3.(省示范性高中聯(lián)考)下列事實能判斷金屬元素甲的金屬性一定比乙強的有D ①甲單質(zhì)能與乙鹽的溶液反應(yīng)并置換出乙 ②甲、乙兩元素原子的最外層電子數(shù)相同,且甲的原子半徑小于乙 ③甲、乙兩短周期元素原子的電子層數(shù)相同,且甲的原子序數(shù)小于乙 ④甲、乙兩元素的最高價氧化物水化物的堿性甲大于乙 ⑤兩單質(zhì)分別與氯氣反應(yīng)時生成的陽離子,甲失去的電子數(shù)比乙多 A.全部可以 B.僅②可以 C.僅②⑤可以 D.①③④可以 6.(省示范性高中聯(lián)考)設(shè)NA代表阿伏加德羅常數(shù)的值,下列說法不正確的是( A ) A.12g金剛石含有4NA個共價鍵 B.常溫常壓下,17 g甲基(一14CH3)所含電子數(shù)為9NA C.7.8
g Na2O2含有的陰離子數(shù)目為0.1 NA D.25℃時,1L純水中含H+的個數(shù)為10-7NA 8.(許昌新鄉(xiāng)一模)NA表示阿伏加德羅常數(shù),下列說法中正確的是D A.3.6 g D2O中所含質(zhì)子數(shù)為2NA B.標準狀況下,4.48 L C6H6所含分子數(shù)為0.2NA C.1
mol S與足量Cu反應(yīng)生成Cu2S轉(zhuǎn)移NA個電子 9、(焦作一模)用NA表示阿伏加德羅常數(shù)的值,下列敘述正確的是A A.32g氧氣和臭氧的混合氣體中含有的氧原子數(shù)為2NA B.標準狀況下,22.4LCH3CH2Br中所含分子數(shù)為NA C.0.1molH3O+所含質(zhì)子數(shù)為NA D.0.1molFe和足量的稀硝酸充分反應(yīng),轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)為0.2 NA D.常溫常壓下,34g甲基(一14CH3)所含電子數(shù)為18NA 試題詳情
山東省濰坊中學 高三上學期模塊檢測(二) 物 理 試 題 注意事項: 1.本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分,共l00分,考試時間為90分鐘. 2.請將第Ⅰ卷正確答案的序號涂在答題卡上或填到第Ⅱ卷相應(yīng)的答案表中 3.第Ⅱ卷用藍、黑色鋼筆或圓珠筆直接答在試卷上 4.答卷前將密封線內(nèi)的項目填寫清楚. 第Ⅰ卷(選擇題 共36分) 試題詳情
河南省各地市高考模擬考試試題分類匯編(11)化學與社會 6、(平頂山許昌新鄉(xiāng)二模)下列有關(guān)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的敘述正確的是( C ) A.工業(yè)上將氨轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄跛峒捌渌钡幕衔锸堑墓潭?/p> B.合成氨生產(chǎn)過程中采用高溫高壓條件都是為了提高N2、H2的轉(zhuǎn)化率 C.電解精煉銅時,同一時間內(nèi)陽極溶解銅的質(zhì)量比陰極析出銅的質(zhì)量小 D.硫酸工業(yè)中,在接觸室安裝熱交換器是為了利用硫鐵礦燃燒時放出熱量 1.(洛陽調(diào)研)化學與生活、社會密切相關(guān)。下列說法不正確的是B A.利用太陽能等清潔能源代替化石燃料,有利于節(jié)約資源、保護環(huán)境 B.凡含有食品添加劑的食物對人體健康均有害,不可食用 C.為防止電池中的重金屬等污染土壤和水體,應(yīng)積極開發(fā)廢電池的綜合利用技術(shù) D.提倡人們購物時不用塑料袋,是為了防止白色污染 11.(商丘二模)下列是從一些雜志上摘抄的幾條廣告用語,你認為沒有科學性錯誤的是D A.純凈水幾乎不含任何雜質(zhì),喝純凈水比喝礦泉水更有利于人體健康。 B.“白雪牌”漂白粉,可漂白所有化學物質(zhì)。 C.糖類、油脂和蛋白質(zhì)都屬于天然有機高分子化合物,是食物中主要營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。 D.使用劣質(zhì)裝飾板材料裝修房子,要注意通風,因為材料中會釋放出大量甲醛氣體。 1.(商丘期末)宇航員在升空、返回或遇到緊急情況時,必須穿上10公斤重的艙內(nèi)航天服,神六宇航員所穿艙內(nèi)航天服是我國科學家近年來研制的新型“連續(xù)纖維增韌”航空材料做成,其主要成分是由碳化硅、陶瓷和碳纖維復(fù)合而成的,下列相關(guān)敘述錯誤的是B A.它耐高溫,抗氧化 B.它比鋼鐵輕、硬,但質(zhì)地較脆 C.它沒有固定熔點 D.它是一種新型無機非金屬材料 4.(商丘期末)生活中遇到的某些問題,常常涉及到化學知識,下列各項敘述正確的是B A.“加碘鹽”、“高鈣牛奶”、“富硒營養(yǎng)品”等食用品中的碘、鈣、硒是指單質(zhì) B.“酸可以除銹”,“熱純堿溶液去油污”都是發(fā)生了化學變化 C.醫(yī)療上進行胃部造影前,患者服用的“鋇餐”是BaCO3 D.明礬、氯氣分別對水進行凈化、消毒的原理都屬于氧化還原反應(yīng) 1. (開封五縣五校聯(lián)考)化學與科技、生活、社會密切相關(guān),下列說法正確的是D A.磷和氮一樣,是構(gòu)成蛋白質(zhì)的成分之一。 B.農(nóng)作物一般適宜在PH等于7或接近7的土壤中生長。 C.人類最早從自然界中發(fā)現(xiàn)的金屬應(yīng)該是化學穩(wěn)定性較好的金和銀。 D.食物的成分稱為營養(yǎng)素,主要有糖類、油脂和蛋白質(zhì)三大類。 1.(平頂山一模)化學與生活、環(huán)境、社會等密切相關(guān)。下列說法正確的是D學 A.凡含有食品添加劑的食物對人體健康都有害,不可食用 B.棉、麻、絲、毛及合成纖維完全燃燒都只生成H2O和CO2,對環(huán)境不會有影響C.三聚氰胺(C3N6H6)是引起嬰幼兒因食用“三鹿牌”奶粉而患泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)石病癥的元兇,它不屬于有機物 D.我國規(guī)定自2008年6月1日起,商家不得無償提供塑料袋,目的是減少“白色污染”和節(jié)約資源 1.(洛陽一模)2008年9月27日,宇航員翟志剛成功完成中國歷史上首次太空行走,使中國成為第三個獨立掌握出艙活動技術(shù)的國家。宇航員出艙時,呼吸所需的氧氣主要來自太空服中的呼吸面具。下列物質(zhì)在一定條件下均能產(chǎn)生氧氣,其中最適宜用于呼吸面具中供氧的是 D A.HNO3 B.H2O2 C.KClO3 D.Na2O2 1.(信陽一模)澳大利亞研究人員最近開發(fā)出被稱為第五形態(tài)的固體碳,這種新的碳結(jié)構(gòu)稱作“納米泡沫”,它外形類似海綿,比重極小,并具有磁性。納米泡沫碳與金剛石的關(guān)系是( A ) A.同素異形體 B.同分異構(gòu)體 C.同位素 D.同系物 2.(信陽一模)“E85”是含乙醇85%的乙醇汽油。美國科學家最近的一項研究表明,大量使用“E85”可能導(dǎo)致大氣中O3含量上升,將會對人體造成更直接的傷害。下列各項中正確的是( D
) A.“E85”是由兩種物質(zhì)組成一種燃料,屬新能源 B.推廣使用乙醇汽油是為了減少溫室氣體排放 C.等質(zhì)量的“E85”和汽油充分燃燒后放出的能量相等 D.乙醇屬可再生性能源 5.(信陽一模)一種“即食即熱型快餐”適合外出旅行時食用,其內(nèi)層是用鋁箔包裹的并已加工好的真空包裝食品,外層則是分別包裝的兩包化學試劑,使用時拉動預(yù)留在外的拉線,使這兩種試劑混合,便可對食物進行加熱,這兩包化學試最適宜的組合是( B ) A.濃硫酸和水 B.生石灰和水 C.金屬鈉和水 D.氯化鈉和水 1、(周口期末)化學與科技、社會、生產(chǎn)密切結(jié)合,下列有關(guān)說法不正確的是D A、“乙醇汽油”的廣泛使用能有效減少有害氣體的排放 B、“無磷洗滌劑”的推廣使用,能有效減少水體富營養(yǎng)化的發(fā)生 C、“無氟冰箱”取代“含氟冰箱”,對人類的保護傘一臭氧層起到保護作用 D、“海水淡化”可以解決“淡水供應(yīng)危機”,向海水中加人凈水劑明礬可以使海水淡化 4.(駐馬店二模)下列說法正確的是D A.周期表中所有元素都是從自然界發(fā)現(xiàn)的 B.食品添加劑對人體健康都有害,不能食用 C.氯水能導(dǎo)電,但氯氣是非電解質(zhì) D.對于反應(yīng)2NO2N2O4,若其他條件不變,升高溫度,反應(yīng)速率一定增大 1.(平頂山調(diào)研)“5.12”汶川大地震后,沒有出現(xiàn)大的疫情,各種消毒劑的作用功不可沒。下列物質(zhì)不能用作飲用水的消毒劑的是B A.Cl2
B. ―OH
C.O3 D.ClO2 1.(省示范性高中聯(lián)考)下面是對日常生活中常見的一些做法的解釋或現(xiàn)象的描述,其中正確的是 ( B
) ①生產(chǎn)面粉的工廠車間應(yīng)“嚴禁煙火”:面粉顆粒很小,懸浮在空氣中的單位質(zhì)量的面粉與O2的接觸面積大,遇到明火易發(fā)生爆炸。②使用冰箱貯存食物可延長食物保鮮期:冰箱內(nèi)氣溫較低,微生物的生長、繁殖速率慢。③鍍錫鐵桶在鍍層破損后破損處很快會出現(xiàn)破洞 ④鋁比鐵性質(zhì)活潑得多,但鋁制品比鐵制品耐腐蝕得多:鋁表面能形成致密性氧化物保護膜 ⑤用酒精擦拭皮膚后,相應(yīng)部位有清涼感:酒精具有消毒殺菌能力 A.①②③④⑤ B.①②③④ C.①②④ D.③④⑤ 1.(省示范性高中聯(lián)考)宇航員在升空、返回或遇到緊急情況時,必須穿上10公斤重的艙內(nèi)航天服,“神七”宇航員所穿艙內(nèi)航天服是我國科學家近年來研制的新型“連續(xù)纖維增韌”航空材料做成,其主要成分是由碳化硅、陶瓷和碳纖維復(fù)合而成的。下列說法不正確的B A.它耐高溫,抗氧化 B.它比鋼鐵輕、硬,但質(zhì)地較脆 C.它沒有固定熔點
D.它是一種新型無機非金屬材料 6.(許昌新鄉(xiāng)一模)氮化硼是一種新合成的無機材料,它是一種超硬耐磨、耐高溫的物質(zhì)。下列各組物質(zhì)熔化時所克服的粒子間的作用力與氮化硼熔化所克服的粒子間的作用力都相同的是B A.硝酸鈉和金剛石 B.晶體硅和水晶 C.冰和干冰 D.萘和苯 試題詳情
第四課 能夠承受挫折 勇于開拓進。3) 測控時間:6分鐘 試題詳情
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